असन्नेव स भवति असद्ब्रह्मेति वेद चेत् । ब्रह्मेति चेद्वेद । सन्तमेनं ततो विदुरिति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा । यः पूर्वस्य अथातोऽनुप्रश्नाः । उताविद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य । कश्चन गच्छी3 । आहो विद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य कश्चित्समश्नुता 3 उ । सोऽकामयत । बहुभ्यां प्रजायेयेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा । इदँ सर्वमसृजत । यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सृष्ट्वा । तदेवानुप्राविशत् । तदनुप्रविश्य । सच्च त्यच्चाभवत् । निरुक्तं चानिरुक्तं च । निलयनं चानिलयनं च । विज्ञानं चाविज्ञानं च । सत्यं चानृतं च । सत्यमभवत् । यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सत्यमित्याचक्षते । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति
If one knows Brahman as non-existent, he becomes as though non-existent. If one knows Brahman as existent, people know him as existent. Of this, the bodily self is as before. Now, therefore, the inquiry: After departing from this world, does one who is ignorant go to that world, or does one who knows attain that world? He desired: 'May I be many, may I be born.' He performed austerity. Having performed austerity, he created all this—whatever exists. Having created it, he entered into it. Having entered it, he became both the manifest and the unmanifest, the defined and the undefined, the based and the baseless, knowledge and ignorance, truth and falsehood. Truth became all this; whatever exists, they call it truth. On this, too, there is a verse.
असद्वा इदमग्र आसीत् । ततो वै सदजायत । तदात्मानँ स्वयमकुरुत । तस्मात्तत्सुकृतमुच्यत इति । यद्वै तत् सुकृतम् । रसो वै सः । रसँ ह्येवायं लब्ध्वाऽऽनन्दी भवति । को ह्येवान्यात्कः प्राण्यात् । यदेष आकाश आनन्दो न स्यात् । एष ह्येवानन्दयाति । यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नदृश्येऽनात्म्येऽनिरुक्तेऽनिलयनेऽभयं प्रतिष्ठां विन्दते । अथ सोऽभयं गतो भवति । यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नुदरमन्तरं कुरुते । अथ तस्य भयं भवति । तत्त्वेव भयं विदुषोऽमन्वानस्य । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति
In the beginning, this was non-existence. From that, existence was born. That made itself into its own form; therefore, it is called well-made. Indeed, what is well-made is essence. For having obtained essence, one becomes blissful. For who could breathe, who could live, if this space were not bliss? It is this, indeed, that brings bliss. When one finds firm footing in this invisible, unembodied, undefined, and unbased, one attains fearlessness. But when one makes even the slightest distinction in this, then there is fear. For one who perceives duality, there is fear. On this, too, there is a verse.
पवते । भीषोदेति सूर्यः । भीषाऽस्मादग्निश्चेन्द्रश्च । मृत्युर्धावति पञ्चम इति । सैषाऽऽनन्दस्य मीमाँसा भवति । युवा स्यात्साधुयुवाऽध्यायकः । आशिष्ठो द्रढिष्ठो बलिष्ठः । तस्येयं पृथिवी सर्वा वित्तस्य पूर्णा स्यात् । स एको मानुष आनन्दः । ते ये शतं मानुषा आनन्दाः । स एको मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः । स एको देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः । स एकः पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दः । स एक आजानजानां देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतमाजानजानां देवानामानन्दाः । स एकः कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दः । ये कर्मणा देवानपि यन्ति । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दाः । स एको देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवानामानन्दाः । स एक इन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतमिन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दाः । स एको बृहस्पतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं बृहस्पतेरानन्दाः । स एकः प्रजापतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं प्रजापतेरानन्दाः । स एको ब्रह्मण आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । स यश्चायं पुरुषे । यश्चासावादित्ये । स एकः । स य एवंवित् । अस्माल्लोकात्प्रेत्य । एतमन्नमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतं प्राणमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतं मनोमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतं विज्ञानमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति
यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते अप्राप्य मनसा सह । आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् । न बिभेत कुतश्चनेति । एतँ ह वाव न तपति । किमहँ साधु नाकरवम् । किमहं पापमकरवमिति । स य एवं विद्वानेते आत्मानँ स्पृणुते । उभे ह्येवैष एते आत्मानँ स्पृणुते । य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत्
From which words turn back, together with the mind, not attaining it—one who knows the bliss of Brahman fears nothing at all. Indeed, for such a one, there is no burning regret: 'Why did I not do what is good? Why did I do what is evil?' Whoever knows thus fills himself with these selves; indeed, he fills himself with both. Whoever knows thus—thus is the teaching.
भृगुर्वै वारुणिः । वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तस्मा एतत्प्रोवाच । अन्नं प्राणं चक्षुः श्रोत्रं मनो वाचमिति । तँ होवाच । यतो वा इमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । येन जातानि जीवन्ति । यत्प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्ति । तद्विजिज्ञासस्व । तद् ब्रह्मेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा
Bṛgu, the son of Varuṇa, approached his father Varuṇa and said: 'Venerable Sir, teach me Brahman.' To him, Varuṇa spoke thus: 'Food, breath, sight, hearing, mind, and speech.' He said: 'From which, indeed, these beings are born; by which, when born, they live; into which, at departing, they enter—seek to know that. That is Brahman.' He practiced austerity. Having practiced austerity—
अन्नं ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । अन्नाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । अन्नेन जातानि जीवन्ति । अन्नं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति । तद्विज्ञाय । पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा
He understood: 'Food is Brahman.' For, indeed, from food these beings are born; by food, when born, they live; into food, at departing, they enter. Having understood this, he again approached his father Varuṇa and said: 'Venerable Sir, teach me Brahman.' He said: 'Seek to know Brahman through austerity; austerity is Brahman.' He practiced austerity. Having practiced austerity—
प्राणो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । प्राणाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । प्राणेन जातानि जीवन्ति । प्राणं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति । तद्विज्ञाय पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा
He understood: 'Breath is Brahman.' Indeed, from breath alone these beings are born; by breath, having been born, they live; into breath they enter and merge at departure. Having realized this, he again approached Varuna, his father, and said: 'Revered Sir, teach me Brahman.' He replied: 'Seek to know Brahman through austerity; austerity is Brahman.' He practiced austerity; having practiced austerity—
मनो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । मनसो ह्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । मनसा जातानि जीवन्ति । मनः प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति । तद्विज्ञाय । पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा
He understood: 'Mind is Brahman.' Indeed, from mind alone these beings are born; by mind, having been born, they live; into mind they enter and merge at departure. Having realized this, he again approached Varuna, his father, and said: 'Revered Sir, teach me Brahman.' He replied: 'Seek to know Brahman through austerity; austerity is Brahman.' He practiced austerity; having practiced austerity—
विज्ञानं ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । विज्ञानाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । विज्ञानेन जातानि जीवन्ति । विज्ञानं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति । तद्विज्ञाय पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा
He understood: 'Knowledge is Brahman.' Indeed, from knowledge alone these beings are born; by knowledge, having been born, they live; into knowledge they enter and merge at departure. Having realized this, he again approached Varuna, his father, and said: 'Revered Sir, teach me Brahman.' He replied: 'Seek to know Brahman through austerity; austerity is Brahman.' He practiced austerity; having practiced austerity—
आनन्दो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । आनन्दाध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । आनन्देन जातानि जीवन्ति । आनन्दं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति । सैषा भार्गवी वारुणी विद्या । परमे व्योमन्प्रतिष्ठिता । स य एवं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या
He understood: 'Bliss is Brahman.' Indeed, from bliss alone these beings are born; by bliss, having been born, they live; into bliss they enter and merge at departure. This is the knowledge of Bhrigu and Varuna, established in the highest heaven. Whoever knows thus stands firm; he becomes endowed with food and the eater of food; he becomes great in offspring, cattle, the radiance of Brahman, and great in fame.
अन्नं न निन्द्यात् । तद्व्रतम् । प्राणो वा अन्नम् । शरीरमन्नादम् । प्राणे शरीरं प्रतिष्ठितम् । शरीरे प्राणः प्रतिष्ठितः । तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् । स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या
One should not despise food—this is the vow. Indeed, breath is food; the body is the eater of food. In breath, the body is established; in the body, breath is established. Thus, food is established in food. Whoever knows that food is established in food stands firm; he becomes endowed with food and the eater of food; he becomes great in offspring, cattle, the radiance of Brahman, and great in fame.
अन्नं न परिचक्षीत । तद्व्रतम् । आपो वा अन्नम् । ज्योतिरन्नादम् । अप्सु ज्योतिः प्रतिष्ठितम् । ज्योतिष्यापः प्रतिष्ठिताः । तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् । स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या
One should not reject food—this is the vow. Indeed, water is food; light is the eater of food. In water, light is established; in light, water is established. Thus, food is established in food. Whoever knows that food is established in food stands firm; he becomes endowed with food and the eater of food; he becomes great in offspring, cattle, the radiance of Brahman, and great in fame.
अन्नं बहु कुर्वीत । तद्व्रतम् । पृथिवी वा अन्नम् । आकाशोऽन्नादः । पृथिव्यामाकाशः प्रतिष्ठितः । आकाशे पृथिवी प्रतिष्ठिता । तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् । स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान्कीर्त्या
One should produce much food—this is the vow. Indeed, the earth is food; space is the eater of food. In the earth, space is established; in space, the earth is established. Thus, food is established in food. Whoever knows that food is established in food stands firm; he becomes endowed with food and the eater of food; he becomes great in offspring, cattle, the radiance of Brahman, and great in fame.
न कञ्चन वसतौ प्रत्याचक्षीत । तद्व्रतम् । तस्माद्यया कया च विधया बह्वन्नं प्राप्नुयात् । अराध्यस्मा अन्नमित्याचक्षते । एतद्वै मुखतोऽन्नँराद्धम् । मुखतोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते । एतद्वै मध्यतोऽन्नँराद्धम् । मध्यतोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते । एदद्वा अन्ततोऽन्नँराद्धम् । अन्ततोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते
One should not refuse anyone who seeks shelter—this is the vow. Therefore, by whatever means one may obtain abundant food, they say, 'Food is to be sought from him.' This is food obtained from the mouth; food is sought from him by the mouth. This is food obtained from the middle; food is sought from him from the middle. This is food obtained from the end; food is sought from him from the end.
तथा पृथिव्याकाशोपासकस्य वसतौ वसतिनिमित्तं कंचन कंचिदपि न प्रत्याचक्षीत, वसत्यर्थमागतं न निवारयेदित्यर्थः। वासे च दत्ते अवश्यं हि अशनं दातव्यम्। तस्माद्यया कया च विधया येन केन च प्रकारेण बह्वन्नं प्राप्नुयात् बह्वन्नसंग्रहं कुर्यादित्यर्थः। यस्मादन्नवन्तो विद्वांसः अभ्यागताय अन्नार्थिने अराधि संसिद्धम् अस्मै अन्नम् इत्याचक्षते, न नास्तीति प्रत्याख्यानं कुर्वन्ति, तस्माच्च हेतोः बह्वन्नं प्राप्नुयादिति पूर्वेण संबन्धः। अपि च अन्नदानस्य माहात्म्यमुच्यते -- यथा यत्कालं प्रयच्छत्यन्नम्, तथा तत्कालमेव प्रत्युपनमते। कथमिति तदेतदाह -- एतद्वै अन्नं मुखतः मुख्ये प्रथमे वयसि मुख्यया वा वृत्त्या पूजापुरःसरमभ्यागतायान्नार्थिने राद्धं संसिद्धं प्रयच्छतीति वाक्यशेषः। तस्य किं फलं स्यादिति, उच्यते -- मुखतः पूर्वे वयसि मुख्यया वा वृत्त्या अस्मै अन्नदाय अन्नं राध्यते; यथादत्तमुपतिष्ठत इत्यर्थः। एवं मध्यतो मध्यमे वयसि मध्यमेन च उपचारेण; तथा अन्ततः अन्ते वयसि जघन्येन च उपचारेण परिभवेन तथैवास्मै राध्यते संसिध्यत्यन्नम्।। य एवं वेद । क्षेम इति वाचि । योगक्षेम इति प्राणापानयोः । कर्मेति हस्तयोः । गतिरिति पादयोः । विमुक्तिरिति पायौ । इति मानुषीः समाज्ञाः । अथ दैवीः । तृप्तिरिति वृष्टौ । बलमिति विद्युति
य एवं वेद य एवमन्नस्य यथोक्तं माहात्म्यं वेद तद्दानस्य च फलम्, तस्य यथोक्तं फलमुपनमते। इदानीं ब्राह्मण उपासनप्रकारः उच्यते -- क्षेम इति वाचि। क्षेमो नाम उपात्तपरिरक्षणम्। ब्राह्म वाचि क्षेमरूपेण प्रतिष्ठितमित्युपास्यम्। योगक्षेम इति, योगः अनुपात्तस्योपादानम्। तौ हि योगक्षेमौ प्राणपानयोः बलवतोः सतोर्भवतः यद्यपि, तथापि न प्राणापाननिमित्तावेव; किं तर्हि, ब्राह्मनिमित्तौ। तस्माद्ब्राह्म योगक्षेमात्मना प्राणापानयोः प्रतिष्ठितमित्युपास्यम्। एवमुत्तरेष्वन्येषु तेन तेन आत्मना ब्राह्मैवोपास्यम्। कर्मणो ब्राह्मनिर्वत्र्यत्वात् हस्तयोः कर्मात्मना ब्राह्म प्रतिष्ठितमित्युपास्यम्। गतिरिति पादयोः। विमुक्तिरिति पायौ। इत्येता मानुषीः मनुष्येषु भवा मानुष्याः समाज्ञाः, आध्यात्मिक्यः समाज्ञा ज्ञानानि विज्ञानान्युपासनानीत्यर्थः। अथ अनन्तरं दैवीः दैव्यः देवेषु भवाः समाज्ञा उच्यन्ते। तृप्तिरिति वृष्टौ। वृष्टेरन्नादिद्वारेण तृप्तिहेतुत्वाद्ब्राह्मैव तृप्त्यात्मना वृष्टौ व्यवस्थितमित्युपास्यम्; तथा अन्येषु तेन तेनात्मना ब्राह्मैवोपास्यम्। तथा बलरूपेण विद्युति।। यश इति पशुषु । ज्योतिरिति नक्षत्रेषु । प्रजातिरमृतमानन्द इत्युपस्थे । सर्वमित्याकाशे । तत्प्रतिष्ठेत्युपासीत । प्रतिष्ठावान् भवति । तन्मह इत्युपासीत । महान्भवति । तन्मन इत्युपासीत । मानवान्भवति
यशोरूपेण पशुषु। ज्योतिरूपेण नक्षत्रेषु। प्रजातिः अमृतम् अमृतत्वप्राप्तिः पुत्रेण ऋणविमोक्षद्वारेण आनन्दः सुखमित्येतत्सर्वमुपस्थनिमित्तं ब्राह्मैव अनेनात्मना उपस्थे प्रतिष्ठितमित्युपास्यम्। सर्वं हि आकाशे प्रतिष्ठितम्; अतो यत्सर्वमाकाशे तद्ब्राह्मैवेत्युपास्यम्; तच्चाकाशं ब्राह्मैव। तस्मात् तत् सर्वस्य प्रतिष्ठेत्युपासीत। प्रतिष्ठागुणोपासनात् प्रतिष्ठावान् भवति। एवं सर्वेष्वपि। यद्यत्राधिगतं फलम्, तत् ब्राह्मैव; तदुपासनांत्तद्वान्भवतीति द्रष्टव्यम्; श्रुत्यन्तराच्च -- ' तं यथा यथोपासते तदेव भवति ' इति। तन्मह इत्युपासीत। महः महत्त्वगुणवत् तदुपासीत। महान्भवति इत्युपासीत। मननं मनः। मानवान्भवति मननसमर्थो भवति।। तन्नम इत्युपासीत । नम्यन्तेऽस्मै कामाः । तद्ब्रह्मेत्युपासीत । ब्रह्मवान्भवति । तद्ब्रह्मणः परिमर इत्युपासीत । पर्येण म्रियन्ते द्विषन्तः सपत्नाः । परि येऽप्रिया भ्रातृव्याः । स यश्चायं पुरुषे । यश्चासावादित्ये । स एकः
As fame in cattle; as light in the stars; as progeny, immortality, and bliss in the generative organ—Brahman is to be meditated upon as established there by this aspect. All is indeed established in space; therefore, whatever is in space, that is Brahman, to be meditated upon as such; and that space is indeed Brahman. Therefore, one should meditate upon that as the foundation of all; by meditating on the quality of foundation, one becomes possessed of foundation. Likewise, in all cases, whatever fruit is attained, that is Brahman; by such meditation, one becomes possessed of that. As is said elsewhere: 'As one meditates upon that, so one becomes.' One should meditate on 'greatness' as that; one becomes great. One should meditate on 'mind' as that; one becomes endowed with thought and the power of reflection. One should meditate on 'reverence' as that; desires bow to him. One should meditate on 'Brahman' as that; one becomes possessed of Brahman. One should meditate on 'the destruction by Brahman' as that; enemies and rivals perish. And the one who is in the person and the one who is in the sun—he is one.
अहमन्नमहमन्नमहमन्नम् । अहमन्नादो3ऽहमन्नादो3ऽअहमन्नादः । अहँश्लोककृदहँश्लोककृदहँश्लोककृत् । अहमस्मि प्रथमजा ऋता3स्य । पूर्वं देवेभ्योऽमृतस्य ना3भायि । यो मा ददाति स इदेव मा3ऽऽवाः । अहमन्नमन्नमदन्तमा3द्मि । अहं विश्वं भुवनमभ्यभवा3म् । सुवर्णज्योतीः । य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत्
I am food, I am food, I am food; I am the eater of food, I am the eater of food, I am the eater of food; I am the maker of verses, I am the maker of verses, I am the maker of verses. I am the first-born of the true, earlier than the gods, at the navel of immortality. Whoever gives me, he alone protects me. I, as food, eat the eater of food. I have encompassed the whole world. I am radiant like the sun. Whoever knows thus—this is the Upaniṣad.
The wind blows; out of fear of Him, the sun rises. Out of His fear, fire and Indra and Death, as the fifth, run their course. This is the inquiry into bliss. Suppose there is a young man, learned, strong, and vigorous, possessing all the wealth of the world—this is one measure of human bliss. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of the human gandharvas, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of the divine gandharvas, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of the ancestors in their long-abiding world. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of those born as gods by birth, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of the gods who became gods through works, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of the gods, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of Indra, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of Bṛhaspati, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of Prajāpati, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. A hundredfold of that is the bliss of Brahman, and so for one who is learned and untainted by desire. He who is in the person and he who is in the sun—he is one. Whoever knows thus, after departing from this world, attains this self made of food, attains this self made of breath, attains this self made of mind, attains this self made of knowledge, attains this self made of bliss. On this, too, there is a verse.
Likewise, for one who meditates on earth and space, one should not refuse anyone who comes for shelter, for the sake of shelter; one should not turn away anyone who comes for the purpose of dwelling. And when shelter is given, food must certainly be given. Therefore, by whatever means, in whatever way, one may obtain abundant food, one should gather much food. For the wise, who possess food, when a guest comes seeking food, they say, 'It is ready for him,' and do not say 'There is none.' Therefore, one should obtain abundant food. Moreover, the greatness of giving food is stated: as one gives food at a particular time, so it returns at that very time. How is this? This is food given from the mouth—at the prime of life, with the best means, with honor, food is given to the guest who seeks it. What is the result? Food is returned to him in the prime of life, with the best means, as he gives, so it returns. Likewise, in the middle—at the middle age, with moderate means; likewise, at the end—at old age, with the least means, even then, food is returned to him. Whoever knows thus—'Security' is in speech; 'acquisition and security' are in the in-breath and out-breath; 'action' is in the hands; 'movement' is in the feet; 'liberation' is in the anus—these are the human attributes. Now, the divine: 'Satisfaction' is in rain; 'strength' is in lightning—
Whoever knows thus, whoever knows the greatness of food as described and the fruit of giving it, receives the result as described. Now, the mode of meditation for the knower is stated: 'Security' is in speech—security means the preservation of what is acquired; Brahman is to be meditated upon in speech as security. 'Acquisition and security'—acquisition is obtaining what is not yet acquired; these two, acquisition and security, though present in the in-breath and out-breath, are not only due to them, but are to be meditated upon as Brahman. Likewise, in the following, Brahman is to be meditated upon in each aspect. Since action is determined by Brahman, in the hands, Brahman is to be meditated upon as action; 'movement' in the feet; 'liberation' in the anus—these are the human attributes, the inner knowledge and meditations. Now, the divine attributes are stated: 'Satisfaction' in rain—since rain is the cause of satisfaction through food, Brahman is to be meditated upon as satisfaction in rain; likewise, as strength in lightning. 'Fame' in cattle; 'light' in the stars; 'progeny, immortality, and bliss' in the generative organ; 'all' in space. One should meditate upon that as the foundation; by meditating on the quality of foundation, one becomes possessed of foundation. One should meditate on 'greatness' as that; one becomes great. One should meditate on 'mind' as that; one becomes endowed with mind.
तन्नम इत्युपासीत नमनं नमः नमनगुणवत् तदुपासीत। नम्यन्ते प्रह्वीभवन्ति अस्मै उपासित्रे कामाः काम्यन्त इति भोग्या विषया इत्यर्थः। तद्ब्राह्मेत्युपासीत। ब्राह्म परिबृढतममित्युपासीत। ब्राह्मवान् तद्गुणो भवति। तद्ब्राह्मणः परिमर इत्युपासीत ब्राह्मणः परिमरः परिम्रियन्तेऽस्मिन्पञ्च देवता विद्युद्वृष्टिश्चन्द्रमा आदित्योऽग्निरित्येताः। अतः वायुः परिमरः, श्रुत्यन्तरप्रसिद्धेः। स एवायं वायुराकाशेनानन्य इत्याकाशो ब्राह्मणः परिमरः; तस्मादाकाशं वाय्वात्मानं ब्राह्मणः परिमर इत्युपासीत। एनम् एवविदं प्रतिस्पर्धिनो द्विषन्तः; अद्विषन्तोऽपि सपत्ना यतो भवन्ति, अतो विशेष्यन्ते द्विषन्तः; सपत्ना इति। एनं द्विषन्तः सपत्नाः ते परिम्रियन्ते प्राणान् जहति। किं च, ये च अप्रिया अस्य भ्रातृव्या अद्विषन्तोऽपि ते च परिम्रियन्ते।। 'प्राणो वा अन्नं शरीरमन्नादम् ' इत्यारभ्य आकाशान्तस्य कार्यस्यैव अन्नान्नादत्वमुक्तम्। उक्तं नाम -- किं तेन? तेनैतत्सिद्धं भवति -- कार्यविषय एव भोज्यभोक्तृत्वकृतः संसारः, न त्वात्मनीति। आत्मनि तु भ्रान्त्या उपचर्यते। नन्वात्मापि परमात्मनः कार्यम्, ततो युक्तः तस्य संसार इति; न, असंसारिण एव प्रवेशश्रुतेः। 'तत्सृष्ट्वा तदेवानुप्राविशत् ' इत्याकाशादिकारणस्य हि असंसारिण एव परमात्मनः कार्येष्वनुप्रवेशः श्रूयते। तस्मात्कार्यानुप्रविष्टो जीव आत्मा पर एव असंसारी; सृष्ट्वा अनुप्राविशदिति समानकर्तृत्वोपपत्तेश्च। सर्गप्रवेशक्रिययोश्चैकश्चेत्कर्ता, ततः क्त्वाप्रत्ययो युक्तः। प्रविष्टस्य तु भावान्तरापत्तिरिति चेत्, न; प्रवेशस्यान्यार्थत्वेन प्रत्याख्यातत्वात्। 'अनेन जीवेन ' इति विशेषश्रुतेः धर्मान्तरेणानुप्रवेश इति चेत्, न; 'तत्सत्यम् ''स आत्मा ''तत्त्वमसि ' इति सामानाधिकरण्यात्। दृष्टं जीवस्य संसारित्वमिति चेत्, न; उपलब्धुरनुपलभ्यत्वात्। संसारधर्माविशिष्ट आत्मोपलभ्यत इति चेत्, न; धर्माणां धर्मिणोऽव्यतिरेकात् कर्मत्वानुपपत्तेः। उष्णप्रकाशयोर्दाह्रप्रकाश्यत्वानुपपत्तिवत् त्रासादिदर्शनाद्दुःखित्वाद्यनुमीयत इति चेत्, न; त्रासादेर्दुःखस्य च उपलभ्यमानत्वात् नोपलब्धृधर्मत्वम्। कापिलकाणादादितर्कशास्त्रविरोध इति चेत्, न; तेषां मूलाभावे वेदविरोधे च भ्रान्तत्वोपपत्तेः। श्रुत्युपपत्तिभ्यां च सिद्धम् आत्मनोऽसंसारित्वम्, एकत्वाच्च। कथमेकत्वमिति, उच्यते -- स यश्चायं पुरुषे यश्चासावादित्ये स एकः इत्येवमादि पूर्ववत्सर्वम्।। स य एवंवित् । अस्माल्लोकात्प्रेत्य । एतमन्नमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतं प्राणमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतं मनोमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतं विज्ञानमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । इमाँल्लोकन्कामान्नी कामरूप्यनुसञ्चरन् । एतत् साम गायन्नास्ते । हा 3 वु हा 3 वु हा 3 वु
One should meditate on 'reverence' as that—reverence, the quality of bowing, is to be meditated upon as that; desires bow to him, that is, objects of desire become subject to the meditator. One should meditate on 'Brahman' as that—Brahman as the most exalted. One becomes possessed of Brahman and its qualities. One should meditate on 'the destruction by Brahman' as that—Brahman's destruction is that in which the five deities—lightning, rain, moon, sun, and fire—perish; thus, air is the destruction by Brahman, as is well known in other texts. This very air, being non-different from space, is the destruction by Brahman; therefore, one should meditate on space as the self of air, as the destruction by Brahman. Those who rival or hate this knower, those enemies and rivals perish, their life-breath departs; and those who are not dear to him, even if not enemies, also perish. Beginning from 'Breath is food, the body is the eater of food,' up to space, only the relation of food and eater has been described for the effects. What is established by this? That the cycle of enjoyment and enjoyer pertains only to the effects, not to the Self. In the Self, it is only figuratively spoken of due to delusion. But is not the Self also an effect of the Supreme Self, and thus subject to the cycle? No, for the Supreme Self, though entering the effects, remains unaffected, as is taught in the scriptures: 'Having created it, He entered into it.' Thus, the Supreme Self, the cause of space and so on, though entering the effects, is indeed unaffected. Therefore, the individual self, though entering the effects, is in reality the Supreme, unaffected; for the same agent is involved in both creation and entry. If it is said that entry implies a change of state, it is not so, for entry is to be understood in a different sense. If it is said that entry is with a different attribute, it is not so, for the identity of 'That is true,' 'That is the Self,' 'That thou art' is established. If it is said that the individual self is seen to be subject to transmigration, it is not so, for the perceiver is not perceived. If it is said that the Self is perceived as possessing the qualities of transmigration, it is not so, for qualities cannot exist apart from the substratum, just as heat and light cannot be separated from fire. If it is said that fear and suffering are inferred from their effects, it is not so, for fear and suffering are themselves perceived, not as attributes of the perceiver. If it is said that this contradicts the logic of other schools, it is not so, for in the absence of a basis and in contradiction to the Veda, their views are to be considered erroneous. Thus, by scripture and reasoning, the non-transmigratory nature of the Self is established, and its unity. How is this unity? It is said: 'The one who is in the person and the one who is in the sun—he is one,' and so on, as previously stated. Whoever knows thus, departing from this world, having attained this self made of food, having attained this self made of breath, having attained this self made of mind, having attained this self made of knowledge, having attained this self made of bliss, moves among these worlds, obtaining all desires in all forms. Singing this Sama, he remains: 'Ha 3 vu, ha 3 vu, ha 3 vu.'