योवाएतदक्षरमविदित्वा, गार्गि अस्मिँल् लोकेजुहोति, ददाति तपस्यति~ अपि \` \` बहूनि वर्षसहस्राणि~ अन्तवन् एव~ अस्य सलोकस्~ भवति योवाएतदक्षरमविदित्वा, गार्ग्य् अस्माल् लोकात्प्रैति, सकृपणो; अथ यएतदक्षरं, गार्गि, विदित्वास्माल् लोकात्प्रैति, सब्राह्मणः॥ ==संबंधित कड़ियाँ== #[[उपनिषद्]] ##[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्]] ###[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 1]] ###[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 2]] ###[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 3]] ###[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 4]] ###[[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 5]] ==बाहरी कडियाँ== [[वर्गः:]]
Whoever, Gārgī, offers sacrifices, gives gifts, or performs austerities in this world without knowing this Imperishable, even if he does so for many thousands of years, his world is finite. Whoever, Gārgī, departs from this world without knowing this Imperishable is pitiable. But whoever, Gārgī, departs from this world knowing this Imperishable, is a knower of Brahman.
तद्वाएतदक्षरं, गार्गि अदृष्टं द्रष्ट्रश्रुतं श्रोत्रमतं मन्त्रविज्ञातं विज्ञातृ; नान्यद् . अस्ति द्रष्टृ, नान्यद् . अस्ति श्रोतृ, नान्यद् . अस्ति मन्तृ, नान्यद् . अस्ति विज्ञात्रेतद्वैअक्षरं, गार्गि, यस्मिन् \` \`, ), आकाशओतश्च प्रोतश्च
That, Gārgī, is the Imperishable: unseen but the seer, unheard but the hearer, unthought but the thinker, unknown but the knower. There is no other seer but this, no other hearer but this, no other thinker but this, no other knower but this. In this, Gārgī, space is woven and interwoven.
साहोवाचः ब्राह्मणा भगवन्तः तदेवबहुमन्यध्वम्~ यदस्मान्नमस्कारेण मुच्याध्वम्~ नवैजातु युष्माकमिमम्~ कश्चिद्ब्रह्मोद्यम्~ जेता~ इति ततो ह वाचक्नव्य् उपरराम॥ 9
She said: Revered Brāhmaṇas, you should honor him, for you are released from questioning by his answers. Never will any of you defeat him in a debate about Brahman. Then Vacaknavī ceased her questioning.
अथ हैनं विदग्धः हाकल्यः पप्रच्छः कति देवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ सहैतयैवनिविदा प्रतिपेदे, यावन्तस्~ वैश्वदेवस्य निविदि~ उच्यन्ते त्रयश्च त्रीच शतात्रयस्~ च त्रीच सहस्रा~ इति~ ओम् इति होवाच;
Then Vidagdha Śākalya asked him: 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' He replied with the same Nivid (enumeration) as is recited in the Vaiśvadeva hymn: three and three hundred, three and three thousand.' 'Yes,' he said.
कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ त्रयस्त्रिँशदिति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ षड् इति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ त्रय इति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ द्वाविति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ अध्यर्ध इति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कत्य् एवदेवा, याज्ञवल्क्येति॥ एक इति॥ ओमिति होवाच॥ कतमेतेत्रयश्च त्रीच शतात्रयश्च त्रीच सहस्रेति
'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'Thirty-three.' 'Yes,' he said. 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'Six.' 'Yes,' he said. 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'Three.' 'Yes,' he said. 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'Two.' 'Yes,' he said. 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'One and a half.' 'Yes,' he said. 'How many gods are there, Yājñavalkya?' 'One.' 'Yes,' he said. Which are these three and three hundred, three and three thousand?
सहोवाचः महिमान एवैषामेते, त्रयस्त्रिंशत्त्वेवदेवाइति॥ कतमेतेत्रयस्त्रिँशदिति॥ अष्टौवसव, एकादश ऱुद्रा, द्वादशादित्याः तएकत्रिंशद् ९न्द्रश्चैवप्रजापतिश्च त्रयस्त्रिंशाविति
He said: These are but manifestations of greatness; in reality, there are only thirty-three gods. Which are these thirty-three? The eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, twelve Ādityas—these make thirty-one—Indra and Prajāpati make thirty-three.
कतमेवसव इति॥ आग्निश्च पृथिवीच वायुश्चान्तरिक्षं चादित्यश्च ड्यौः च चन्द्रमाश्च णक्षत्राणि चैतेवसव; एतेषु हीदँ सर्वँ वसु . हितं . एतेहीदँ सर्वं वसयन्ते॥ तद्यदिदँ सर्वं वसयन्ते . .॥. तस्माद्वसव इति
Which are the Vasus? Fire, Earth, Wind, Atmosphere, Sun, Heaven, Moon, and Stars—these are the Vasus. In these all things reside; because all things reside in them, they are called Vasus.
कतमेऱुद्राइति॥ दशेमेपुरुषे प्राणा, आत्मैकादशस्; तेयदास्मान्मर्त्याच्छरीराद् उत्क्रामन्ति अथ रोदयन्तिः तद्यद्रोदयन्ति, तस्माद्ऱुद्राइति
Which are the Rudras? The ten vital breaths in a person, and the self as the eleventh. When these depart from the mortal body, they cause weeping. Because they cause weeping, they are called Rudras.
कतमअदित्याइति॥ द्वादश . मासाः संवत्सरस्यैतअदित्या; एतेहीदँ सर्वमाददाना यन्ति; तद् यदिदँ सर्वमाददाना यन्ति, तस्माददित्याइति
Which are the Ādityas? The twelve months of the year—these are the Ādityas. Because they take away everything, they are called Ādityas.
कतम९न्द्रः, कतमः प्रजापतिरिति॥ स्तनयित्नुरेवेन्द्रो, यज्ञः प्रजापतिरिति॥ कतमः स्तनयित्नुरिति॥ अशनिरिति॥ कतमोयज्ञइति॥ पशव इति
Which is Indra, which is Prajāpati? Thunder is Indra, sacrifice is Prajāpati. Which is thunder? Lightning. Which is sacrifice? The animals.
कतमेषड् इति॥ आग्निश्च पृथिवीच वायुश्चान्तरिक्षश्चादित्यश्च ड्यौश्चैतेषड् इत्य् . एतेह्य् एवेदँ . सर्वं षड् इति
Which are these six? Fire and earth, air and the intermediate space, the sun and the sky—these are the six. Indeed, by these alone, everything here is sixfold.
कतमेतेत्रयो देवाइती- -मएवत्रयो लोका, एषुहीमेसर्वे देवाइति॥ कतमौ . द्वौदेवाविति॥ अन्नं चैवप्राणश्चेति॥ कतमोऽध्यर्ध इति॥ योऽयं पवत इति
Which are these three gods? These are the three worlds, for in these all the gods reside. Which are the two gods? Food and breath. Which is the one and a half? That which is wind.
तदाहुः यदयमेक एव पवते, अथ कथमध्यर्ध इति॥ यदस्मिन्निदँ सर्वमध्यार्ध्नोत् तेनाध्यर्ध इति॥ कतमएको देवइति॥ ; सब्रह्म त्यदित्य् आचक्षते
They say: If this wind is only one, how is it called one and a half? Because in it all this attains its fullness, therefore it is called one and a half. Which is the one god? They say: It is Brahman.
पृथिव्य् एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायँ शारीरः पुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ स्त्रिय \^ इति होवाच
The earth is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in the body, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Woman,' he replied.
काम एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् \^ लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवासौचन्द्रे पुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ मन इति होवाच
Desire is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in the moon, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'The mind,' he replied.
रूपाण्य् एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर्लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवासावादित्येपुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ चक्षुर् इति होवाच
Forms are its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in the sun, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'The eye,' he replied.
आकशएवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायम्वायौ पुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ प्राण इति होवच॥ 15/ ॥ तेज एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर्लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायमग्नौपुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ वागिति होवाच
Space is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in the wind, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Breath,' he replied. Light is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in fire, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Speech,' he replied.
तम एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् \^ लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायं छायामयः पुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ मृत्युइति होवाच
Darkness is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in shadow, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Death,' he replied.
आपएवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् \^ लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायं अप्सुपुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ वरुण इति होवाच
Water is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in the waters, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Varuṇa,' he replied.
रेत एवयस्यायतनं, चक्षुर् \^ लोको, मनो ज्योतिः योवैतं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणँ, सवैवेदितास्याद् याज्ञवल्क्य॥ वेद वाअहं तं पुरुषँ सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं, यमात्थ; यएवायं पुत्रमयः पुरुषः, सएष॥ वदैव, हाकल्य, तस्य कादेवतेति॥ प्रजापतिरिति होवाच
Seed is its support, the eye is its world, the mind is its light. Whoever knows this person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, becomes the knower of all, O Yājñavalkya. I know that person, whose ultimate refuge is the self of all, whom you speak of; the very person who is in offspring, he is this one. Speak, Hākalya, what is his deity? 'Prajāpati,' he replied.
हाकल्येति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः त्वाँ स्विदिमेब्राह्मणाअङ्गारावक्षयणमक्रता३ इति
Hākalya, said Yājñavalkya, the Brāhmaṇas here have made you a heap of embers for me.
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच हाकल्यो, यदिदं कुरुपङ्चालानां ब्राह्मनानत्यवादीः, किं ब्रह्म विद्वानिति॥ दिशो वेद सदेवाः सप्रतिष्ठा इति॥ यद्दिशो वेत्थ सदेवाः सप्रतिष्ठाः,
Yājñavalkya, said Hākalya, since you have out-argued the Brāhmaṇas of the Kurus and Pañcālas, what is Brahman, knowing which? He knows the quarters, with their deities and supports. If you know the quarters, with their deities and supports—
किंदेवतोऽस्यां प्राच्यां दिश्यसीति॥ आदित्यदेवत इति॥ सआदित्यः कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ चक्षुषीति॥ कस्मिन्नुचक्षुः प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति . रूपेष्विति; चक्षुषा हिरूपाणि पश्यति॥ कस्मिन्नुरूपाणि प्रतिष्ठितानि भवन्तीति . हृदय इति होवाच; हृदयेन हिरूपाणि जानाति, हृदये ह्य् एवरूपाणि प्रतिष्ठितानि भवन्तीति॥ एवमेवैतद् याज्ञवल्क्य
What is the deity of the eastern quarter? The deity is the sun. In what is the sun established? In the eye. In what is the eye established? In forms; for with the eye one sees forms. In what are forms established? In the heart, he replied; for with the heart one knows forms, and in the heart indeed forms are established. So it is, Yājñavalkya.
किंदेवतोऽस्यां दक्षिणायां दिश्यसीति॥ यमदेवत इति॥ सयमः कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ . . दक्षिणायामिति॥ कस्मिन्नुदक्षिणा प्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . श्रद्धायामिति; यदाह्य् एवश्रद्धत्ते, अथ दक्षिणां ददाति; श्रद्धायाँ ह्य् एवदक्षिणा प्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . कस्मिन्नुश्रद्धाप्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . हृदय इति होवाच; हृदयेन हिश्रद्धत्ते हृदये ह्य् एवश्रद्धाप्रतिष्ठिता ! भवतीति॥ एवमेवैतद् याज्ञवल्क्य
What is the deity of the southern quarter? The deity is Yama. In what is Yama established? In giving. In what is giving established? In faith; for when one has faith, then one gives. In faith indeed giving is established. In what is faith established? In the heart, he replied; for with the heart one has faith, and in the heart indeed faith is established. So it is, Yājñavalkya.
किंदेवतोऽस्यां प्रतीच्यां दिश्यसीति॥ वरुणदेवत इति॥ सवरुणः कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ अप्स्विति॥ कस्मिन्न्वापः प्रतिष्ठिता भवन्तीति . रेतसीति॥ कस्मिन्नुरेतः प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति . हृदय, इति . तस्मादपि प्रतिरूपं जातमाहुः हृदयादिव सृप्तो, हृदयादिव निर्मित इति; हृदये ह्य् एवरेतः प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति॥ एवमेवैतद् याज्ञवल्क्य
What is the deity of the western quarter? The deity is Varuṇa. In what is Varuṇa established? In the waters. In what are the waters established? In seed. In what is seed established? In the heart. Therefore, they say of a child born, 'fashioned from the heart, created from the heart'; for in the heart indeed seed is established. So it is, Yājñavalkya.
किंदेवतोऽस्यामुदीच्यां दिश्यसीति॥ सोमदेवत इति॥ ससोमः कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ दीक्षायामिति॥ कस्मिन्नुदिक्षाप्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . सत्यइति; तस्मादपि दीक्षितमाहुः सत्यं वदेति; सत्येह्य् एवदीक्षाप्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . कस्मिन्नुसत्यं प्रतिष्ठितम्भवतीति . हृदये इति . हृदयेन हिसत्यं जानाति; हृदये ह्य् एवसत्यं प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति॥ एवमेवैतद् याज्ञवल्क्य
What is the deity of the northern quarter? The deity is Soma. In what is Soma established? In consecration. In what is consecration established? In truth; therefore, they say of one consecrated, 'He speaks the truth'; for in truth indeed consecration is established. In what is truth established? In the heart. For with the heart one knows truth, and in the heart indeed truth is established. So it is, Yājñavalkya.
किंदेवतोऽस्यां ध्रुवायां दिश्यसीति॥ अग्निदेवत इति॥ सोऽग्निः कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठितो भवतीति . वाचीति॥ कस्मिन्नुवाक्प्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति . मनसीति \^ कस्मिन्नुमनस् \^ प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति .
What is the deity of the fixed (upper) quarter? The deity is Agni. In what is Agni established? In speech. In what is speech established? In the mind. In what is the mind established?
अहल्लिकेति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यो, यत्रैतदन्यत्रास्मन्मन्यासै॥ यत्रैतद् अन्यत्रास्मत्स्याच्, छ्वानो वैनदद्युः वयाँसि वैनद्विमथ्नीरन्निति
Ahallika, said Yājñavalkya, if this were found elsewhere than in us, then dogs would have attained heaven, and birds would have attained heaven.
कस्मिन्नुत्वं चात्माच प्रतिष्ठितौ ! स्थ इति॥ प्राणइति॥ कस्मिन्नुप्राणः प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ अपानइति॥ कस्मिन्न्वपानः प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ व्यानइति॥ कस्मिन्नुव्यानः प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ उदानइति॥ कस्मिन्नूदानः प्रतिष्ठित इति॥ समानइति
On what, then, are you and the self established? On the breath. On what is the breath established? On the downward breath. On what is the downward breath established? On the diffused breath. On what is the diffused breath established? On the upward breath. On what is the upward breath established? On the equalizing breath.
सएषः नेति, नेत्य् आत्मागृह्यो, नहिगृह्यते; अशीर्यो, नहिशीर्यते; असङ्गोऽसितो नसज्यते, नव्यथत इत्य् असितो न व्यथते, एतान्यष्टावायतनानि अष्टौलोका, . अष्टौपुरुषाः॥ सयस् तान्पुरुषान्व्युदुह्य प्रत्युह्यात्यक्रामीत् तं त्वौपनिषदं पुरुषं पृच्छामि॥ तं चेन्मे नविवक्ष्यसि, मूर्धाते विपतिष्यतीति॥ तँ ह हाकल्यस् नमेने . तस्य ह मूर्धाविपपात; तस्य हाप्यन्यन्मन्यमानाः परिमोषिणोऽस्थिन्यपजह्रुः .\`
This self is not this, not this; it cannot be grasped, for it is not grasped; it does not decay, for it does not decay; it is unattached, for it does not attach; it is not afflicted, for it does not suffer. These are the eight abodes, the eight worlds, the eight persons. Having set aside those persons, he transcended. I ask you about that person taught in the Upaniṣad. If you do not explain him to me, your head will fall off. Then Hākalya was silent, and his head fell off. The others, fearing the same, left and departed.