Among all beings, Mitra and Varuṇa stand as the greatest, surpassing all others in majesty. The people, with reverent hymns, seek to nourish their glory, for these two mighty deities—like radiant rays—restrain the most coveted things, wielding their own arms to balance two unequal peoples. A devotee’s inspired thought, filled with loving reverence, reaches out toward their sacred seat, imploring Mitra and Varuṇa for protection—a shield, a steadfast defense from these generous guardians. The people invite them to the well-lauded offering, calling with devotion that they may come gladly, for these two ever-vigilant deities are renowned for heeding the prayers of mortals. Mitra and Varuṇa are likened to swift, pure horses yoked together, allies born when Aditi carries the embryo of truth. Upon their birth, mighty and fierce, they cast down the foe for the sake of mortals. All the gods, exulting in their greatness, once bestowed dominion upon them in harmonious accord. From that moment, Mitra and Varuṇa encompassed the vast heavens and earth, their unerring spies ever watchful. They uphold dominion throughout the days, stretching forth the summit of the world as if measuring the sky. Their firm ordinance sustains both earth and heaven, upholding the cosmic law. They fill the vessel and the womb, blessing the householders who replenish their dwellings. Young women, tireless, bear the all-nourishing milk, unwearied in their task. With wisdom, Mitra and Varuṇa taste the offerings with their tongue, delighting when the rite fulfills their true desire. May their greatness, rich in ghee, abide among the worshippers, scattering all harm. When they move forth, their beloved ordinances are upheld by the young; none—neither gods nor mortals, nor those without sacrifice, nor the offspring of the waters—can transgress their law. As singers utter their praise, some proclaim it aloud, while others, wise, reflect upon it. Thus, the true hymns of Mitra and Varuṇa are declared, and none among the gods equals their greatness. Their protection and help are sought, as cows trembling follow the bold one who yokes the strong steed in battle. In another sacred invocation, the people raise their sacrifice with devotion, calling Indra and Varuṇa to come for great favor. These two are the highest, mightiest among heroes, destroyers of Vṛtra by truth, leaders of all hosts. Their greatness is praised with hymns and prayers: Indra, who wields the thunderbolt, slays Vṛtra with might; Varuṇa, wise, prevails in contests. As goddesses and men increased, all the gods grew in strength and renown. To Indra and Varuṇa belongs this greatness, and may heaven and earth be broad for them. The true giver is one who serves Indra and Varuṇa with truth; with their favor, he overcomes foes and attains wealth and a prosperous people. To those whom they grant wealth, abundant and manifold, may that wealth come to the worshippers. May Indra and Varuṇa drive away adversaries, bestow wealth upon the wise, and grant victory in battles. Their splendor enables the conqueror to outstrip all rivals. As the people praise them, Indra and Varuṇa are asked to grant wealth for glorious fame, so that worshippers may cross all misfortunes as a ship crosses waters. The hymn now goes forth to the sovereign Varuṇa, the beloved, wide-ruling god, vast in might and command, shining forth by his undying will like a flame. Indra and Varuṇa are invited to drink the pressed Soma, the exhilarating draught, their chariot arriving at the sacrifice for the gods’ benefit. They are asked to sit upon the sacred grass and delight in the potent Soma, poured out for their joy. The offering continues to Indra and Viṣṇu, united in purpose, who have surpassed all works. The people offer sacrifice, seeking wealth and safe paths. Indra and Viṣṇu, creators of all thoughts, are honored as the vessels of Soma are theirs. Hymns and songs of devotion are offered, supporting these deities. Indra and Viṣṇu, lords of exhilaration, are called to the Soma, bringing wealth, as the wise unite their thoughts and praises. Swift horses are invoked to bring Indra and Viṣṇu, who overcome opposition, to the shared feast. All invocations and prayers are offered to them. These two have made the exhilaration of Soma wide for their pleasure, broadened the midspace, and spread out the realms for all beings. Growing strong with offerings, worthy of worship, they receive oblations and grant wealth, dwelling at the ocean where the Soma vessel rests. They are invited to drink the honeyed Soma, to fill themselves with the exhilarating draughts, and to listen to the prayers of their devotees. Indra and Viṣṇu are unconquered, undefeated, and ever-victorious. When they strive together, they conquer a thousandfold in threefold ways. The story turns to the earth and sky, broad and vast, adorned with ghee and honey, beautiful in form. By Varuṇa’s law they are established, unaging and ever-fertile, supporting all beings. Abundant and ever-flowing, rich in milk, they yield ghee for the righteous and rule over the world. The people pray that earth and sky pour out the seed Manu desired. Whoever seeks their favor with devotion succeeds, surrounded by offspring and born in harmony with their law. Their manifold blessings are bestowed at their will. Earth and sky, shining and growing with ghee, are invoked as wise priests and leaders for gracious favor. May earth and sky grant sweetness, steadfast in their vow, yielding honey and bearing sacrifice and wealth for the gods. May they grant glory, strength, and heroic power. As father and mother, all-knowing and wise, may they pour forth nourishment and prosperity, united in granting strength and wealth. The golden-armed god Savitṛ stretches out his arms for the rite, wise and skillful, anointing his hands with ghee, upholding the order of the world. The people seek his favor, desiring his best gifts and wealth, for he is the lord of all that moves, sovereign of all existence. With steadfast guardians, Savitṛ is prayed to protect the dwelling, shield the worshippers, and prevent evil-wishers from prevailing. The divine Savitṛ, master of the household, golden-handed, rises at every dawn, his unyielding arm and gentle tongue bringing abundant gifts to those who worship. Thus, the hymns flow—praising Mitra and Varuṇa, Indra and Varuṇa, Indra and Viṣṇu, the earth and sky, and the radiant Savitṛ—honoring the upholders of law, the bestowers of wealth and protection, the guardians of order and prosperity, whose greatness shines through all creation.