In the ancient hymns, the vision unfolds of a mighty bull, eternal and powerful, whose nature is threefold, whose forms are manifold, and whose offspring are abundant. He is the seed-holder, the ruler with three faces, sovereign among all, embodying the essence of creation. The paths of the divine are awakened, and the beautiful names of the Ādityas are invoked. Even the sacred waters, moving separately, surround him with delight, honoring his presence. Within his domain, three abodes are known, and three rivers flow; three wise ones and three mothers preside, each sovereign in their assemblies. Three righteous maidens, and three from heaven, rule in the gathering, upholding the sacred order. From heaven, thrice, Savitṛ is called upon to bring blessings day by day, to bestow threefold light and grant wealth in three measures. Bhaga, the Protector, and Dhīṣaṇā are invoked for attainment and prosperity. With his strength, Savitṛ, alongside the kings Mitra and Varuṇa, guides the worlds and the waters, all seeking the treasure that his impulse brings. Three shining realms stand at the highest, ruled by three heroes under the mighty lord. Righteous and powerful, hard to overcome, these gods are called to be present in the assembly, thrice from heaven. The wise discern the wandering cow, unguarded, whose abundant milk is yielded at once. Indra, Agni, and the seekers obtain her gifts. Indra and Pūṣan, mighty and skillful, milk her as those who delight in the sky, while all the gods strive within her. The Vasus are invoked, hoping for favor. The wives of the bull desire his power, honoring him and knowing the embryo within. The cows, longing for their calf, move about, bearing wondrous forms. The hymn is spoken to both worlds, joined together, with the stone yoked in the rite, rising up splendidly for Manu, worthy of worship. Agni’s tongue, sweet and wise, is renowned among the gods, far-reaching. With it, all who are worthy of worship are summoned to partake in the sweet offerings. Agni’s streams, like those of a mountain, flow forth, nourishing all. Jātavedas, gracious and wondrous, is called upon for favor and universal goodwill. The cow of ancient desire gives her milk, and within, the son moves toward the right. She carries brightness to the shining one, and praises for the Ashvins are composed at dawn. With well-yoked horses, she brings nectar; the offerings rise upward like wisdom to a father. The prayers turn to the Ashvins, asking them to drive away greedy thoughts. With their chariot, well-built and drawn by horses, the Ashvins are called to listen to the hymn. The ancient sages spoke of their returning journey, and all people call upon them, offering sweet gifts like the Mitras did at the beginning. Across many realms, their praises resound among generous people, and they are invited to come by divine paths to stores of honey. Their ancient dwelling and auspicious friendship are remembered, their wealth in the waters of Jahnu celebrated. Renewing these friendships, all rejoice together with honey, united. The Ashvins, youthful and skillful, accompanied by attendants, accept the day’s offering and drink the Soma, generous and unstinting. Their many gifts go forth, surrounded by words, striving and unfailing. Their chariot, born of nectar and driven by the stone, swiftly traverses heaven and earth. The best honeyed Soma is prepared for them; their chariot, skillfully made and drawn by the horses of the Soma pressing, comes forth to the home. Mitra, with his speech, guides the peoples; he upholds earth and sky, watches over clans with unblinking eyes. Clarified butter is offered to Mitra, the generous Aditya, who instructs through his law. The devoted mortal finds protection and joy, free from harm or distress, in Mitra’s favor. Knowing Mitra, free from sickness and rejoicing with offerings, people move in the wide expanse of earth, following the law of the Āditya. Mitra, gentle and kingly, is born wise, and his favor brings blessed happiness. To him, the most beloved, clarified butter is offered in the fire. Mitra’s protection brings splendor and renowned glory. By his greatness, he spreads over the sky; by his fame, he covers the earth. Five peoples submit to Mitra for help, and he bears all the gods. Among gods and men, Mitra becomes the steadfast friend to those who spread the sacred grass and uphold chosen vows. Gathered together, the men approach in kinship, the Usij-sages coming with knowledge and the arts by which the Saudhanvanas have attained their share of the sacrifice. By these powers, they pressed the cups, drew the cow from the hide, and shaped the two horses, becoming divine Ribhus. The Ribhus became companions of Indra, grandsons of Manu, setting the waters in motion. Skillful with the Shami trees, the Saudhanvanas attained immortality through their good works. With Indra, they ride together in the chariot at the pressing of Soma, becoming lords of wealth, shining in splendor. Their deeds and heroic acts are unmatched. Indra, together with the Ribhus rich in strength, drinks the pressed Soma, purified and strong, rejoicing in the house of the eager one. The sisterly rites are prepared for him, following the laws of gods and men. Indra and the Ribhus, bestowers of strength, are called to the song of praise and the worthy sacrifice, bringing a hundred banners and a thousand aids to the ritual. Dawn, wise and bountiful, is invoked to accept the hymn of praise. Ancient goddess, ever young and generous, she follows the law, encompassing all. Divine and immortal, she shines forth with a radiant chariot, bringing sweet speech. Well-yoked horses carry her, golden and broad in strength. Facing the people, Dawn reveals all the worlds, standing above as the sign of immortality. Moving with common purpose, like a wheel, she grows anew each day, bringing light and hope to all creation.