With reverence and heartfelt devotion, the hymns begin, praising the Dawns, those radiant goddesses who bring the morning. The singer seeks their favor, longing that their blessings multiply, so that all who honor them might attain rewards a hundred and a thousand times over. As the sun rises, the wise one, awakened by the promise of morning, brings forth a treasure, receives it, and sets it down. With this gift, he increases his offspring and prolongs his life, prospering in wealth and heroic strength. Indra, the mighty lord, bestows upon such a giver a good dwelling, abundant gold, fine horses, and great riches. The one who offers the morning gift, releasing the treasure as a winner frees his foot from a snare, receives these blessings. Today, as the morning gift is brought, the giver approaches like a son to his father, his chariot laden with wealth. He partakes of the Soma juice, and through true words, his heroic strength grows. Rivers flow together, bringing joy, and cows come to the one who sacrifices and worships. Streams of ghee, both from those who fill and those who pour out, arrive from every side, all renowned. The giver stands established on the summit of the sky; he who fills goes among the gods. For him, the waters bring ghee, the rivers flow, and offerings are always abundant. Splendid things belong to the giver; for those who give, the suns shine in the sky. Those who offer gifts partake of immortality and extend their lifespan. May the generous never encounter misfortune, nor may their sons be harmed. Let boundaries be set for others, but let sorrows befall the one who does not give. With thoughtful praise, the singer honors the lord of the Sindhu, the dweller in riches, the generous king who measured out a thousand for him, desiring fame. A hundred golden necklets, a hundred harnessed horses, and a hundred cows from Kakṣīvant the lord are bestowed, and his fame spreads in heaven, undecaying. Ten chariots with brides, given by Śyāva, arrive, followed by sixty thousand cattle. The wealth of Kakṣīvant comes in abundance at the day’s end. Forty red horses of the ten-charioted one lead the line at the head of the thousand; the swift steeds of Kakṣīvant, pouring out the intoxicating drink, surpass all others. Following earlier gifts, garments yoked eight times and cows are received. Close friends, like clansmen, the charioteers without wagons, have attained fame. Yaduri, adorned like a girdle on the thigh of a Kashi woman, gives hundreds of enjoyable things, swift and plentiful. The singer invites all to approach and examine him thoroughly, not to think little of his smallness, for he is entirely hairy, like a ewe among the Gandharis. Turning to Agni, the sacred fire, he is regarded as the Hotar, the generous, wealthy son of strength, knower of all births, a sage pure in his rites. Agni, with divine compassion, follows the shining flow of ghee with his flame as he offers clarified butter. Agni is invoked, most fit for sacrifice, greatest of the Angirases, the sage, guardian of the sky, Hotar of the peoples, with flaming hair, strong and supported by clans for help. Shining with strength and radiance, Agni becomes the destroyer of the foe, like an axe, overcoming whatever is firm and leading forth, unconquered in battle. Even strongholds yield to him; he knows the paths, kindling swift sticks for offerings. He pierces many, as a carpenter with his flame, cutting through even the firmest foods with his strength. His brightness is meditated upon among the dark ones, more clearly seen by night than by day. To him, as to a son, shelter is sought, both for the devoted and undevoted, the undying Agnis granting protection. Agni, stormy as the Maruts, roars mightily, swift in fertile and barren lands, taking up offerings, the sign of sacrifice, worthy of worship. All men gladly follow his path as on a splendid road. When the Bhrigus praised him with devotion, churned him, Agni became the lord of riches, pure, the foundation of wealth. Let the wise one keep the beloved treasures. Agni is invoked as the lord of all peoples, the common master, companion of all, guest of men like a father, whose seat is never to be left. Immortals, the birds, carry offerings to the gods. Agni is most powerful in might, born for divine service, his exhilaration and will most splendid. Ever-calling, the undying ones move around him. Praise is given to Agni, the great, mighty, herdsman, present in all dwellings, at the forefront like a roaring bull among seers, the Hotar, strong among seers. Agni is asked to bring the nearest vision, together with the gods, with good counsel and great wealth; to grant abundance and heroic strength to the praisers. Agni is born in the abode of men, the most fit Hotar, following the law of the Usij, heard by all, friend to all, renowned in wealth and fame. The blameless Hotar sits in the place of offering, surrounded there. Sent on the path of truth with reverence, Agni brings nourishment, never growing old, brought by Mātariśvan to Manu from afar, the god’s light from afar. He goes around the earthly realm, again and again, roaring like a bull, depositing his seed, seeing with a hundred eyes, swift in the forests, placing his seat on the heights. Wise in counsel, Agni is the house-priest, perceiving sacrifice and ritual by his will, observing all beings. Rich in ghee, the guest was born, the fire was born. When sought for strength, Agni apportions gifts and wealth by his measure, protecting from evil, curse, and harm. The universal benefactor has placed all delight in his right hand; his glory never fails. For him, the oblation is prepared among the gods, the offering brought, and the path opened for those who act well. Agni is most auspicious in human gatherings, established like a lord in sacrifices, beloved, ruling over offerings made with reverence, protecting from the yoke of Varuṇa. Sought as the priest, giver of wealth, carrier of offerings, Agni is established by the gods, all-knowing, worshipful, sage, delightful, bestower of wealth. Now, Indra is addressed, the mighty one who guides as a chariot for wisdom, bringing near even those far away, leading them unharmed. For the desired goal, he makes mind and steed obedient. May the wise speech be ours. Indra is called upon in every battle, skilled, victorious, winning with heroes and sages. The lords grant him the prize, strong like a well-bred steed. Indra fills the skin with strength, covers men with glory, protects the mortal. The singer speaks for Indra, for Rudra, for Mitra, for Varuṇa, for the gracious one. May Indra be ours for strength, as a friend, all-pervading, victorious in battles. May our prayer seek his help in contests. No enemy overcomes him; he subdues every foe. With swift, powerful prayers and strong invocations, any hostility is bowed down. Indra leads as before, removing offenses of forefathers. Fire is called to come near. For glorious Indra, praise is offered, shaking the demon like an arrow. May he strike down enemies with weapons, conquer the evil-minded. Let the evil-wisher melt away, let the lowly one dissolve like water. Thus, in the flow of these hymns, the story unfolds: the dawns are praised, gifts and generosity are celebrated, Agni is honored as the sacred fire and priest, and Indra is invoked for strength and victory. The blessings of the gods flow to those who give, worship, and seek wisdom, granting abundance, protection, and immortality.