और्व उवाच इत्येतत् पितृभिर्गीतं भावाभावप्रयोजनम् । यः करोति कृतं तेन श्राद्धं भवति पार्थिव
Aurva said: Thus, this has been sung by the ancestors, concerning what is to be done in prosperity and adversity; whoever does this, his śrāddha is accomplished, O King.
विष्णुपुराणम्/तृतीयांशः/अध्यायः १५ औव उवाच । ब्राह्मणान् भोजयेच्छ्राद्धे यद्गुणांस्तान्निबोध मे
Aurva said: One should feed Brahmins at the śrāddha; listen to the qualities they should possess.
त्रिणाचिकेतस्त्रिमधुस्त्रिसुपर्णष्षडङ्गवित् । वेदविच्छ्रोत्रियो योगी तथा वै ज्येष्ठसामगः
One who knows the three fires, the threefold honey, the three Suparṇas, who is learned in the six limbs of the Veda, a knower of the Veda, a Śrotriya, a yogin, and also the eldest Sāmagā.
ऋत्विक् स्वस्रेयदौहित्रजामातृश्वशुरास्तथा । मातुलोऽथ तपोनिष्ठः पञ्चाग्न्यभिरतस्तथा । शिष्याः सम्बन्धिनश्चैव मातापितृरतश्च यः
A priest, a maternal uncle, a daughter's son, a son-in-law, a father-in-law, a maternal uncle, one devoted to austerity, one engaged in the five fires, disciples, relatives, and one devoted to mother and father.
एतान्नियोजयेच्छ्राद्धे पूर्वोक्तान् प्रथमे नृप । ब्राह्मणान् पितृतुष्ट्यर्थमनुकल्पेष्वनन्तरान्
These, previously mentioned, should be engaged in the śrāddha first, O King, and other Brahmins in the proper order for the satisfaction of the ancestors.
मित्रध्रुक्कुनखी क्लीबः श्यावदन्तस्तथा द्विजः । कन्यादूषयिता वह्निवेदोज्झः सोमविक्रयी
One who is hostile to friends, has deformed nails, is impotent, has black teeth, a Brahmin who has violated a maiden, one who has abandoned the sacred fire, or who sells Soma,
अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः पिशुनो ग्रामयाजकः । भृतकाध्यापकस्तद्वद् भृतकाध्यापितश्च यः
One who is cursed, a thief, a slanderer, a village priest, one who teaches for hire, and likewise one who is taught for hire,
परपूर्वापतिश्चैव मातापित्रोस्तथोज्झकः । वृषलीसूतिपोष्टा च वृषलीपतिरवे च
One who has married another's former wife, one who has abandoned his mother or father, one who supports or marries a Śūdra woman, and one who is her husband,
तथा देवलकश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हति केतनम्
And likewise a temple priest—such a one is not fit to be invited to a śrāddha.
प्रथमेऽह्नि बुधः शस्ताञ्छोत्रियादीन् निमन्त्रयेत् । कथयेच्च तथैवैषां नियोगान् पितृदैविकान्
On the first day, the wise should invite those who are praiseworthy, such as Śrotriyas, and inform them of the duties to be performed for the ancestors and the gods.
ततः क्रोधव्यवायादीनायासं तैर्द्विजैस्सह । यजमानो न कुर्वीत दोषस्तत्र महानयम्
Thereafter, the sacrificer should not engage in anger, sexual activity, or exertion with those Brahmins; a great fault arises therefrom.
श्राद्धे नियुक्तो भुक्त्वा वा भोजयित्वा नियुज्य च । व्यवायी रेतसो गर्त्ते मज्जयत्यात्मनः पितॄन्
A Brahmin appointed at a śrāddha, whether after eating, feeding, or appointing others, if he engages in sexual intercourse, plunges his ancestors into the pit of semen.
तस्मात् प्रथममत्रोक्तं द्रिजाग्र्याणं निमन्त्रणम् । अनिमन्त्र्य द्विजानेवमागतान् भोजयेद् यतीन्
Therefore, as previously stated, the invitation of the foremost twice-born should be performed first; without inviting the twice-born, one should not feed ascetics who have arrived.
पादशौचादिना गेहमागतान् पूजयेद् द्विजान्
One should honor the twice-born who have come to the house with foot-washing and other rites.
पवित्रपाणिराचान्तानासनेषूपवेशयेत् । पितॄणामयुजो युग्मान् देवानामिच्छया द्विजान्
With pure hands, after they have rinsed their mouths, one should seat them on seats; the pairs of ancestors without obstacles, the gods, and the twice-born according to one's wish.
देवानामेकमेकं वा पितॄणाञ्च नियोजयेत्
One should assign the gods and the ancestors, either individually or one by one.
तथा मातामहश्वाद्धं वैश्वदेवसमन्वितम् । कुर्वीत भक्तिसम्पन्नस्तन्त्रं वा वैश्वदैविकम्
Likewise, one should perform the maternal grandfather's śrāddha, accompanied by the Vaiśvadeva rite, with devotion and fullness, or according to the Vaiśvadeva ritual.
प्राङमुखान् भोजयेद् विप्रान् देवानामुभयात्मकान् । पितृमातामहानाञ्च भोजयेच्चाप्युदङ्मुखान्
One should feed the Brāhmaṇas facing east, who embody both the gods; and the ancestors and maternal grandfathers should be fed facing north.
पृथक् तयोः केचिदाहुः श्राद्धस्य करणां नृप । एकत्रैकेन पाकेन वदन्त्यन्ये महर्षयः
Some say that these two should be performed separately for the śrāddha, O king; others, the great sages, declare that it may be done together with one cooking.
विष्टरार्थं कुशं दत्त्वा सम्पूज्यार्ध्यं विधानतः । कुर्यादावाहनं प्राज्ञो देवानां तदनुज्ञया
For the purpose of the seat, one should offer a blade of kuśa grass, and properly honor with water for washing; the wise should perform the invocation of the gods with their permission.
यवाम्बुना च देवानां दद्यादर्घ्यं विधानवित् । स्रग्गन्धधूपदीपांश्च तेभ्यो दद्याद्यथाविधि
One who knows the rite should give arghya to the gods with barley-water; and offer garlands, fragrance, incense, and lamps to them as prescribed.
पितॄणामपसव्यं तत् सर्वमेवोपकल्पयेत् । अनुज्ञाञ्च ततःप्राप्य दत्त्वा दर्भान् द्विधाकृतान्
For the ancestors, all this should be prepared in the left-handed manner; after obtaining their permission, one should give darbha grass split in two.
मन्त्रपूर्वं पितॄणान्तु कृर्याच्चावाहनं बुधः । तिलाम्बुना चापसव्यं दद्यादर्घ्यादिकं नृप
With mantras, the wise should perform the invocation of the ancestors; and give arghya and other offerings with sesame-water in the left-handed manner, O king.
काले तत्रातिथिं प्राप्तमन्नकामं नृपाध्वगम् । ब्रह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः कामं तमपि भोजयेत्
If, at that time, a guest arrives desiring food, a king or traveler, after being permitted by the Brāhmaṇas, one may also feed him as desired.
योगिनो विविधै रूपैर्नराणामुपकारिणः । भ्रमन्ति पृथिवीमेतामविज्ञातस्वरूपिणाः
Yogis, in various forms, benefactors of men, wander this earth with their true nature unknown.
स्मादभ्यर्चयेत् प्राप्तं श्राद्धकालेऽतिथिं बुधः । श्राद्धक्रियाफलं हन्ति नरेन्द्रापूजितोऽतिथिः
Therefore, the wise should honor a guest who arrives at the time of śrāddha; O king, a guest who is not honored destroys the fruit of the śrāddha rite.
जुहुयाद् व्यञ्जनक्षारवर्जमन्नं ततोऽनले । अनुज्ञातो द्रिजैस्तैस्तु त्रिकृत्वः पुरुषर्षभ
One should offer food, except for condiments and salt, into the fire; permitted by those Brāhmaṇas, O best of men, three times.
अग्नये कव्यवाहाय स्वाहेत्यादौ नृपाहुतिः । सोमाय वै पितृमते दातव्या तदनन्तरम्
First, the oblation should be given to Agni, the carrier of offerings, with 'svāhā'; next, to Soma, who is associated with the ancestors.
वैवस्वताय चैवान्या तृतीया दीयते ततः । हुतावशिष्टमल्पान्नं पितृपात्रेषु निर्वपेत्
Then, a third oblation is given to Vaivasvata; the small amount of food remaining from the offering should be placed in vessels for the ancestors.
ततोऽन्नं मुष्टमत्यर्थमभीष्टमतिसंस्कृतम् । दत्त्वा जुषध्वमिच्छातो वाच्यमेतदनिष्ठुरम्
Then, a handful of food, well-prepared and desired, should be given; after offering, one may say, as desired, this without harshness.