तस्मात् सत्यं वदेत् प्राज्ञो यत् परप्रीतिकारणम् । सत्यं यत् परदुःखाय तत्र मौनपरो भवेत्
Therefore, the wise should speak the truth when it brings joy to others; but if the truth causes pain to another, then one should remain silent.
प्रियमुक्तं हितं नैतदिति मत्वा न तद्वदेत् । श्रेयस्तत्र हितं वाक्यं यद्यप्यत्यन्तमप्रियम्
If something pleasant is not beneficial, knowing this, one should not say it; in that case, beneficial words are best, even if they are extremely unpleasant.
प्राणिनामुपकाराय यथैवेह परत्र च । कर्मणा मनसा वाचा तदेव मतिमान् भजेत्
For the welfare of living beings, both here and hereafter, one who is discerning should act, think, and speak accordingly.
और्व उवाच (आभ्युदयिकश्राद्धस्य प्रेतकर्मणां श्राद्धादीनां च व्यवस्था) और्व उवाच सचैलस्य पितुः स्नानं जाते पुत्रे विधीयते । जातकर्म तदा कुर्याच्छ्राद्धमभ्युदये च यत्
Aurva said: When a son is born, the father, still clothed, should bathe; at that time, the rite of birth should be performed, as well as the auspicious śrāddha.
युग्मान् देवांश्च पित्र्यांश्च सम्यक् सव्यक्रमाद्द्विजान् । पूजयेद्भोजयेच्चैव तन्मना नान्यमानसः
He should properly honor and feed pairs of gods, ancestors, and twice-born men, with focused mind and no distraction.
दध्यक्षतैस्सबदरैः प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखोऽपि वा । देवतीर्थेन वै पिण्डान् दद्यात् कायेन वा नृप
With curds, unbroken rice, and barley, facing east or north, he should offer the balls of food with water for the deities, or with his own body, O king.
नान्दीमुखः पितृगणस्तेन श्राद्धेन पार्थिव । प्रीयते तत्तु कर्त्तव्यं पुरुषैस्सर्ववृद्धिषु
By that śrāddha, the group of ancestors called Nāndīmukha is pleased; this should be performed by men at all times of increase.
कन्यापुत्रविवाहेषु प्रवेशेषु च वेश्मनः । नामकर्मणि बालानां चूडाकर्मादिके तथा
At the weddings of daughters and sons, at the entering of a new house, at the naming of children, and at the first cutting of hair and similar rites,
सीमन्तोन्नयने चैव पुत्रादिमुखदर्शने । नान्दीमुखं पितृगणं पूजयेत् प्रयतो गृही
And at the parting of the hair, and at the first sight of sons and others, the householder, with devotion, should worship the Nāndīmukha ancestors.
पितृपूजाक्रमः प्रोक्तो वृद्धावेष सनातनः । श्रूयतामवनीपाल प्रेतकर्मक्रियाविधिः
The order of ancestor worship has been described, which is the ancient custom; now, O protector of the earth, listen to the procedure for funeral rites.
प्रेतदेहं शुभैः स्नानैस्स्नापितं स्रग्विभूषितम् । दग्ध्वा ग्रामाद्बहिः स्नात्वा सचैलस्सलिलाशये
After bathing the corpse with pure waters, adorning it with garlands and ornaments, and burning it outside the village, one should bathe, still clothed, in a pool of water.
यत्र तत्र स्थितायैतदमुकायेति वादिनः । दक्षिणाभिमुखा दद्युर्बान्धवास्सलिलाञ्जलीन्
Wherever they are standing, saying, 'For this one,' the relatives, facing south, should offer handfuls of water.
प्रविष्टाश्च समं गोभिर्ग्रामं नक्षत्रदर्शने । कटकर्म ततः कुर्युर्भूमौ प्रस्तरशायिनः
When, at the sight of the stars, they re-enter the village together with the cows, then, lying on a bed of grass on the ground, they should perform the rite of the funeral fire.
दातव्योऽनुदिनं पिण्डः प्रेताय भुवि पार्थिव । दिवा च भक्तं भोक्तव्यममांसं मनुजर्षभ
A ball of food should be offered daily on the earth to the departed, O king; and during the day, food without meat should be eaten, O best of men.
दिनानि तानि चेच्छातः कर्त्तव्यं विप्रभोजनम् । प्रेता यान्ति तथा तृप्तिं बन्धुवर्गेण भुञ्जता
If hunger persists on those days, feeding of Brahmins should be performed; as the relatives eat, the departed are thus satisfied.
प्रथमेऽह्नि तृतीये च सप्तमे नवमे तथा । वस्त्रत्यागबहिस्स्नाने कृत्वा दद्यात्तिलोदकम्
On the first, third, seventh, and ninth days, after discarding the garments and bathing outside, one should offer water mixed with sesame seeds.
चतुर्थेऽह्नि च कर्त्तव्यं तस्यास्थिचयनं नृप । तदूर्ध्वमङ्गसंस्पर्शः सपिण्डानामपीष्यते
On the fourth day, the gathering of the bones should be performed, O king; after that, touching the limbs of the relatives is permitted.
योग्यास्सर्वक्रियाणां तु समानसलिलास्तथा । अनुलेपनपुष्पादिभोगादन्यत्र पार्थिव
Those who are eligible for all the rites should use the same water, except for the application of ointments, flowers, and similar enjoyments, O king.
शय्यासनोपभोगश्च सपिण्डानामपीष्यते । भस्मास्थिचयनादूर्ध्वं संयोगो न तु योषिताम्
Sharing a bed, sitting together, and eating together are permitted among those of the same lineage, but after the collection of ashes and bones, there is no further union with women.
बाले देशान्तरस्थे च पतिते च मुनौ मृते । सद्यश्शौचं तथेच्छातो जलाग्न्युद्बन्धनादिषु
For a child, one who is abroad, one who has fallen, or a sage who has died, purity is immediate, or as desired, in cases such as death by water, fire, or hanging.
मृतबन्धोर्दशाहानि कुलस्यान्नं न भुज्यते । दानं प्रतिग्रहो होमः स्वाध्यायश्च निवर्तते
For ten days after the death of a relative, the family does not eat food; giving and receiving gifts, sacrificial offerings, and recitation of sacred texts are suspended.
विप्रस्यैतद् द्वादशाहं राजन्यस्याप्यशौचकम् । अर्धमासं तु वैश्यस्य मासं शूद्रस्य शुद्धये
For a Brahmin, this impurity lasts twelve days; for a Kshatriya as well. For a Vaishya, it is half a month, and for a Shudra, a full month for purification.
अयुजो भोजयेत् कामं द्विजानन्ते ततो दिने । दद्याद्दर्भेषु पिण्डं च प्रेतायोच्छिष्टसन्निधौ
If desired, one may feed Brahmins who are not related, on the last day; and one should offer a rice-ball on darbha grass to the departed, in the presence of remnants.
वार्यायुधप्रतोदास्तु दण्डश्च द्विजभोजनात् । स्प्रष्टव्योऽनन्तरं वर्णैः शुद्धेरन्ते ततः क्रमात्
Water, weapons, goads, and a staff—after the Brahmins have eaten, these should be touched in order by the castes, at the end of the purification.
ततस्स्ववर्णधर्मा ये विप्रादीनामुदाहृताः । तान् कुर्वीत पुमाञ्जीवेन्निजधर्मार्जनैस्तथा
Then, one should perform the duties prescribed for one's own caste, as stated for Brahmins and others, and live by the acquisition of one's own lawful means.
मृताहनि च कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टमतः परम् । आह्वानादिक्रियादैवनियोगरहितं हि तत्
On the day of death, the ekoddiṣṭa rite should be performed; it is done without invitation or other rituals, being solely ordained by fate.
पूर्वाः क्रियाश्च कर्त्तव्याः पुत्राद्यैरेव चोत्तराः । दौहित्रैर्वा नृपश्रेष्ठ कार्यास्तत्तनयैस्तथा
The earlier rites should be performed by the son and others, and the later rites as well; or, O best of kings, by the daughter's son or his descendants.
मृताहनि च कर्त्तव्याः स्त्रीणामप्युत्तराः क्रियाः । प्रतिसंवत्सरं राजन्नेकोद्दिष्टविधानतः
On the day of death, the later rites should also be performed for women, O king, every year according to the ekoddiṣṭa procedure.
तस्मादुत्तरसंज्ञायाः क्रियास्ताः शृणु पार्थिव । यथा यथा च कर्त्तव्या विधिना येन चानघ
Therefore, hear about those rites known as 'later,' O king, and how and by whom they should be performed according to the prescribed rule, O sinless one.
एकोर्घ्यस्तत्र दातव्यस्तथैवैकपवित्रकम् प्रेताय पिंडो दातव्यो भुक्तवत्सु द्विजातिषु २४ प्रश्नश्च तत्राभिरतिर्यजमानद्विजन्मनाम् अक्षय्यममुकस्येति वक्तव्यं विरतौ तथा २५ एकोद्दिष्टमयो धर्म इत्थमावत्सरात्स्मृतः सपिंडीकरणं तस्मिन्काले राजेंद्र तच्छृणु २६ एकोद्दिष्टविधानेन कार्यं तदपि पार्थिव संवत्सरेथ षष्ठे वा मासे वा द्वादशो!ह्नि तत् २७ तिलगंधोदकैर्युक्तं तत्र पात्रचतुष्टयम् २८ पात्रं प्रेतस्य तत्रैकं पैत्रं पात्रत्रयं तथा सेचयेत्पितृपात्रेषु प्रेतपात्रं ततस्त्रिषु २९ ततः पितृत्वमापन्ने तस्मिन्प्रेते महीपते श्राद्धधर्मैरशेषैस्तु तत्पूर्वानर्चयेत्पितॄन् ३० पुत्रः पौत्रः प्रपौत्रो वा भ्राता वा भ्रातृसंततिः सपिंड संततिर्वापि क्रियार्हो नृप जायते ३१ तेषामभावे सर्वेषां समानोदकसंततिः मातृपक्षमपिंडेन संबंधा ये जलेन वा ३२ कुलद्वयेपि चोच्छिन्ने स्त्रीभिः कार्याः क्रिया नृप पितृमातृसपिंडैस्तु समानसलिलैस्तथा ३३ संघातांतर्गतैर्वापि कार्याः प्रेतस्य च क्रियाः उत्सन्नबंधुरिक्थाद्वा कारयेदवनीपतिः ३४ पूर्वाः क्रिया मध्यमाश्च तथा चैवोत्तराः क्रियाः त्रिःप्रकाराः क्रियास्सर्वास्तासां भेदं शृणुष्व मे ३५ आदाहाद्द्वाशाहाश्च स्पर्शाद्यंतास्तु याः क्रियाः ताः पूर्वा मध्यमा मासि मास्येकोद्दिष्टसंज्ञिताः ३६ प्रेते पितृत्वमापन्ने सपिंडिकरणादनु क्रियंते याः क्रियाः पित्र्याः प्रोच्यंते ता नृपोत्तराः ३७ पितृमातृसपिण्डैस्तु समानसलिलैस्तथा । सङ्घातान्तर्गतैर्वापि राज्ञा तद्धनहारिणा
There, one libation of water and one sacred thread are to be given; a rice-ball for the departed is to be offered after the Brahmins have eaten. There, a question is to be asked among the sacrificer and the twice-born: 'Is it inexhaustible for the one who has no son?'—this should be said at the conclusion. The ekoddiṣṭa rite is thus prescribed for a year. Now hear about the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa at that time, O king. That too should be performed according to the ekoddiṣṭa procedure, in the year, or in the sixth month, or on the twelfth day, O ruler. Four vessels, with sesame, fragrance, and water, are to be used there. One vessel is for the departed, and three are for the ancestors. The vessel for the departed is to be poured into the three ancestral vessels. Then, when the departed attains the status of ancestor, O king, he should be worshipped with all the rites of the śrāddha, honoring the previous ancestors. A son, grandson, great-grandson, brother, or brother's offspring, or any member of the sapiṇḍa lineage, becomes eligible to perform the rites, O king. In the absence of all these, anyone of the same water-offering lineage, or those related through the mother's side by rice-ball or water, may perform the rites. If both family lines are extinct, women should perform the rites, O king, with those who are sapiṇḍas of the father and mother, or of the same water-offering group. Or, if included in the group, the king should have the rites performed for the departed, if there are no relatives or property. The rites are of three kinds: earlier, intermediate, and later; hear from me the distinction among them. The rites from cremation to the twelfth day are called earlier; the intermediate are the monthly and ekoddiṣṭa rites. When the departed attains ancestorhood after sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, the rites performed for the ancestors are called later rites. With those who are sapiṇḍas of the father and mother, or of the same water-offering group, or included in the group, the king who inherits the property should perform them.