सर्वभूतहितं कुर्यान्नाहितं कस्याचिद्द्विजः । मैत्री समस्तभूतेषु ब्राह्मणस्योत्तमं धनम् ॥ ३,८.
A Brahmin should act for the welfare of all beings and never harm anyone; friendship with all creatures is the highest wealth of a Brahmin.
ग्राव्णिरत्ने च पारक्ये समबुद्धिर्भवेद्द्विजः । ऋतावभिगमः पत्न्यां शस्तते चास्य पार्थिव ॥ ३,८.
A Brahmin should maintain equal regard for stones, gems, and others' possessions; approaching his wife only during the proper season is praised for him, O King.
दानानि दद्यादिच्छातो द्विजेभ्यः क्षत्रियोपि वा । यजेच्च विविधैर्यज्ञैरधीयीत च पार्थिवः ॥ ३,८.
A Kshatriya, too, may give gifts to Brahmins according to his wish, perform various sacrifices, and study, O King.
शस्त्राजीवो महीरक्षा प्रवरा तस्य जीविका । तत्रापि प्रथमः कल्पः पृथिवीपरिपारनम् ॥ ३,८.
Living by the sword and protecting the earth are the foremost means of livelihood for him; among these, the highest is the guardianship of the land.
धरित्रीपालनेनैव कृतकृत्या नराधिपाः । भवन्ति तृपतेरंशा यतो यज्ञादिकर्मणाम् ॥ ३,८.
By the very act of protecting the earth, kings fulfill their duty; they partake in the merit of sacrifices and other rites.
दुष्टानां शासनाद्राजा शिष्टानां परिपालनात् । प्राप्नोत्यभिमतांल्लोकान्वर्णसंस्थां करोति यः ॥ ३,८.
By punishing the wicked and protecting the virtuous, the king attains the desired worlds; he establishes the order of the castes.
पाशुपाल्यं च वाणिज्यं कृषिं च मनुजेश्वर । वैश्याय जीविकां ब्रह्मा ददौ लोकपितामहः ॥ ३,८.
O lord of men, animal husbandry, trade, and agriculture are the means of livelihood for the Vaishya, granted by Brahma, the grandfather of the world.
तस्याप्यध्ययनं यज्ञो दानं धर्मश्च शस्यते । नित्यनैमित्तिकादीनामनुष्ठानं च कर्मणाम् ॥ ३,८.
For him also, study, sacrifice, giving, and righteousness are praised, as well as the performance of daily and occasional duties.
द्विजातिसंश्रितं कर्म तादर्थ्यं तेन पोषणम् । क्रयविक्रयजैर्वापि धनैः कारूद्भवेन वा ॥ ३,८.
His work is associated with the twice-born; through it, he supports them, whether by wealth from buying and selling or by earnings from crafts.
शुद्रस्य सन्नतिः शौचं सेवा स्वामिन्यमायया । अमन्त्रयज्ञो ह्यस्तेयं तत्संगो विप्ररक्षणम् ॥ ३,८.
For the Shudra: humility, cleanliness, service, loyalty to the master, sacrifice without mantras, non-stealing, association with the virtuous, and protection of Brahmins.
दानं च दद्याच्छूद्रोपि पाकयज्ञैर्यजेत च । पित्र्यादिकं च तत्सर्वं शुद्रः कुर्वीत तेन वै ॥ ३,८.
A Shudra may also give gifts and worship with domestic sacrifices; all rites such as ancestral offerings may be performed by him.
भृत्यादिभरणार्थाय सर्वेषां च परिग्रहः । ऋतुकालेभिगमनं स्वदारेषु महीपते ॥ ३,८.
For the support of servants and others, all may accept possessions; approaching one's own wives during the proper season, O King.
दया समस्तभूतेषु तितिक्षा नातिमानिता । सत्यं शौचमनायासो मङ्गलं प्रियवादिता ॥ ३,८.
Compassion toward all beings, forbearance, absence of arrogance, truthfulness, purity, lack of anxiety, auspiciousness, and speaking kindly—these are virtues.
मैत्र्यस्पृहा तथा तद्वदकार्पण्यंनरेश्वर । अनुसूया च सामान्यवर्णानां कथिता गुणाः ॥ ३,८.
Friendliness, non-covetousness, likewise non-miserliness, and absence of envy—these are said to be the virtues of all common classes, O lord of men.
आश्रमाणां च सर्वेषामेते सामान्यलक्षणाः । गुणांस्तथावद्धर्मांश्च विप्रादीनामिमाञ्छृणु ॥ ३,८.
And these are the general characteristics for all the āśramas as well; now hear, in the same manner, the virtues and duties specific to the Brāhmaṇa and others.
क्षात्त्रं कर्म द्विजस्योक्तं वैश्यं कर्म तथा पदि । राजन्यस्य च वैश्योक्तं शूद्रकर्म न चैतयोः ॥ ३,८.
The duty of a Kṣatriya is prescribed for a twice-born; the duty of a Vaiśya likewise in adversity; but the duty of a Śūdra is not for these two.
सामर्थ्ये सति तत्त्याज्यमुभाभ्यामपि पार्थिव । तदेवापदि कर्तव्यं न कुर्यात्कर्मसंकरम् ॥ ३,८.
If capable, both may abandon such duties even in distress, O king; only in adversity should they perform them, but they should not mix the duties of the classes.
इत्येते कथिता राजन्वर्णधर्मा मया तव । धर्मानाश्रमिणां सम्यग्ब्रुवतो मे निशामय ॥ ३,८.
Thus, O king, I have described to you the duties of the classes; now listen as I properly declare the duties of the orders of life.
और्व उवाच । बालः कृतोपनयनो वेदाहरणतत्परः । गुरुगेहे वसेद्भूप ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः
Aurva said: A boy who has undergone initiation, devoted to reciting the Veda, should reside with his teacher, O king, intent as a student.
शौचा चारव्रतं तत्र कार्य्यं शुश्रूषणं गुरोः । व्रतानि चरता ग्राह्यो वेदश्च कृतबुद्धिना
There, he should practice purity, good conduct, and vows, and serve his teacher; while observing the vows, he should learn the Veda with a determined mind.
उभे संध्ये रविं भूप तथैवाग्निं समाहितः । उपतिष्ठेत्तदा कुर्य्याद्गुरोरप्यभिवादनम्
At both twilights, O king, he should worship the sun and fire with concentration; then he should also salute his teacher.
स्थिते तिष्ठेद्व्रजेद्याते नीचैरासीत चासति । शिष्यो गुरोर्नृपश्रेष्ठ प्रतिकूलं न संचरेत्
When the teacher stands, he should stand; when he goes, he should follow; when the teacher is seated, he should sit below; O best of kings, the student should not act contrary to the teacher.
तेनैवोक्तं पठेद्वेदं नान्यचित्तः पुरस्स्थितः । अनुज्ञातश्च भिक्षान्नमश्नीयाद्गुरुणा ततः
He should recite the Veda only as instructed by the teacher, with his mind not distracted, in the teacher’s presence; and, having been permitted by the teacher, he should eat alms-food.
अवगाहेदपः पूर्वमाचार्य्येणावगाहितः । समिज्जलादिकं चास्य काल्यं काल्यमुपानयेत्
He should bathe after the teacher has bathed first; and he should bring water, firewood, and the like for the teacher at the proper times.
गृहीतग्राह्यवेदश्च ततोनुज्ञामवाप्य च । गार्हस्थ्यमाविश्त्प्रोआ!ज्ञो निष्पन्नगुरुनिष्कृतिः
Having learned and mastered the Veda, and having obtained permission, he should enter household life, having fulfilled the teacher’s due.
विधिनावाप्तदारस्तु धनं प्राप्य स्वकर्मणा । गृहस्थकार्य्यमखिलं कुर्य्याद्भूपाल शक्तितः
Having obtained a wife according to the prescribed rite, and wealth by his own work, he should perform all the duties of a householder, O protector of the earth, to the best of his ability.
निवापेन पितॄनर्चन्यज्ञैर्देवांस्तथातिथीन् । अन्नैर्मुनींश्च स्वाध्यायैरपत्येन प्रजापतिम्
He should honor the ancestors with offerings, the gods and guests with sacrifices, the sages with food, the Veda with study, and the Creator with offspring.
भूतानि बलिभिश्चैव वात्सल्येनाखिलं जगत् । प्राप्नोति लोकान्पुरुषो निजकर्मसमार्जितान्
He should offer oblations to beings, cherish the whole world with affection; a man attains the worlds earned by his own actions.
बिक्षाभुजश्च ये केचित्परिव्राड्ब्रह्मचारिणः । तेप्यत्रैव प्रतिष्ठंते गार्हस्थ्यं तेन वै परम्
Those who live on alms, whether wandering ascetics or students, are also established here; therefore, householdership is considered supreme.
वेदाहरणकार्य्याय तीर्थस्नानाय च प्रभो । अटंति वसुधां विप्राः पृथिवीदर्शनाय च
For the sake of reciting the Veda and bathing at sacred fords, O lord, the Brāhmaṇas wander the earth, and also to see the world.