परदारपरद्रव्यपरहिंसासु यो रतिम् । न करोति पुमान्भूप तोष्यते तेन केशवः ॥ ३,८.
He who does not delight in another's wife, another's wealth, or in harming others, O king, Keśava is pleased by him.
न ताडयति नो हन्ति प्राणिनो न च हिंसकः । यो मनुष्यो मनुष्येन्द्र तोष्यते तेन केशवः ॥ ३,८.
He does not strike, nor kill, nor harm living beings; O king of men, Keśava is pleased by such a person.
देवाद्विजगुरूणां च शुश्रूषासु सदोद्यतः । तोष्यते तेन गोविन्दः पुरुषेणनरेश्वर ॥ ३,८.
One who is always eager to serve the gods, twice-born, and teachers, O king, Govinda is pleased by such a person.
यथात्मनि च पुत्रे च सर्वभूतेषु यत्तथा । हितकामो हरिस्तेन सर्वदा तोष्यते सुखम् ॥ ३,८.
As one desires good for oneself and one's child, so for all beings; Hari is always pleased and happy with such a person.
यस्य रागादिदोषेण न दुष्टं नृप मानसम् । विशुद्धचेतसा विष्णुस्तोष्यते तेन सर्वदा ॥ ३,८.
O King, one whose mind is not corrupted by faults such as passion and others, whose heart is pure, is always pleasing to Vishnu.
वर्णाश्रमेषु ये धर्माः शास्त्रोक्ता मुनिसत्तम । तेषु तिष्ठन्नरो विष्णुमादुष्टं नृप मानसम् ॥ ३,८.
O best of sages, the duties prescribed in scripture for the castes and stages of life—when a person abides by them with an untainted mind, he is pleasing to Vishnu.
सगर उवाच तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छमि वर्णधर्मानशेषतः । तथैवाश्रमधर्मंश्च द्विजवर्य ब्रवीहि तान् ॥ ३,८.
Sagara said: Therefore, I wish to hear in full detail the duties of the castes, and likewise the duties of the stages of life; O excellent twice-born, please declare them.
और्व उवाच ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शुद्राणां च यथाकमम् । त्वमेकाग्रमतिर्भूत्वा शृणु धर्मान्मयोदितान् ॥ ३,८.
Aurva said: For Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, according to their respective roles, focus your mind and listen to the duties as I explain them.
दानं दद्याद्यजेद्देवान् यज्ञिः स्वाध्यायतत्परः । नित्योदकी भवेद्विप्रः कुर्याच्चाग्निपरिग्रहम् ॥ ३,८.
A Brahmin should give gifts, worship the gods through sacrifices, be devoted to study, always provide water, and perform the acceptance of sacred fire.
वृत्त्यर्थं याजयेच्चान्यानन्यानध्यापयेत्तथा । कुर्यात्प्रतिग्रहादानंशुक्लार्थान्न्यायतो द्विजः ॥ ३,८.
For livelihood, a Brahmin may officiate sacrifices for others, teach others, and accept gifts for pure purposes, in accordance with righteousness.
सर्वभूतहितं कुर्यान्नाहितं कस्याचिद्द्विजः । मैत्री समस्तभूतेषु ब्राह्मणस्योत्तमं धनम् ॥ ३,८.
A Brahmin should act for the welfare of all beings and never harm anyone; friendship with all creatures is the highest wealth of a Brahmin.
ग्राव्णिरत्ने च पारक्ये समबुद्धिर्भवेद्द्विजः । ऋतावभिगमः पत्न्यां शस्तते चास्य पार्थिव ॥ ३,८.
A Brahmin should maintain equal regard for stones, gems, and others' possessions; approaching his wife only during the proper season is praised for him, O King.
दानानि दद्यादिच्छातो द्विजेभ्यः क्षत्रियोपि वा । यजेच्च विविधैर्यज्ञैरधीयीत च पार्थिवः ॥ ३,८.
A Kshatriya, too, may give gifts to Brahmins according to his wish, perform various sacrifices, and study, O King.
शस्त्राजीवो महीरक्षा प्रवरा तस्य जीविका । तत्रापि प्रथमः कल्पः पृथिवीपरिपारनम् ॥ ३,८.
Living by the sword and protecting the earth are the foremost means of livelihood for him; among these, the highest is the guardianship of the land.
धरित्रीपालनेनैव कृतकृत्या नराधिपाः । भवन्ति तृपतेरंशा यतो यज्ञादिकर्मणाम् ॥ ३,८.
By the very act of protecting the earth, kings fulfill their duty; they partake in the merit of sacrifices and other rites.
दुष्टानां शासनाद्राजा शिष्टानां परिपालनात् । प्राप्नोत्यभिमतांल्लोकान्वर्णसंस्थां करोति यः ॥ ३,८.
By punishing the wicked and protecting the virtuous, the king attains the desired worlds; he establishes the order of the castes.
पाशुपाल्यं च वाणिज्यं कृषिं च मनुजेश्वर । वैश्याय जीविकां ब्रह्मा ददौ लोकपितामहः ॥ ३,८.
O lord of men, animal husbandry, trade, and agriculture are the means of livelihood for the Vaishya, granted by Brahma, the grandfather of the world.
तस्याप्यध्ययनं यज्ञो दानं धर्मश्च शस्यते । नित्यनैमित्तिकादीनामनुष्ठानं च कर्मणाम् ॥ ३,८.
For him also, study, sacrifice, giving, and righteousness are praised, as well as the performance of daily and occasional duties.
द्विजातिसंश्रितं कर्म तादर्थ्यं तेन पोषणम् । क्रयविक्रयजैर्वापि धनैः कारूद्भवेन वा ॥ ३,८.
His work is associated with the twice-born; through it, he supports them, whether by wealth from buying and selling or by earnings from crafts.
शुद्रस्य सन्नतिः शौचं सेवा स्वामिन्यमायया । अमन्त्रयज्ञो ह्यस्तेयं तत्संगो विप्ररक्षणम् ॥ ३,८.
For the Shudra: humility, cleanliness, service, loyalty to the master, sacrifice without mantras, non-stealing, association with the virtuous, and protection of Brahmins.
दानं च दद्याच्छूद्रोपि पाकयज्ञैर्यजेत च । पित्र्यादिकं च तत्सर्वं शुद्रः कुर्वीत तेन वै ॥ ३,८.
A Shudra may also give gifts and worship with domestic sacrifices; all rites such as ancestral offerings may be performed by him.
भृत्यादिभरणार्थाय सर्वेषां च परिग्रहः । ऋतुकालेभिगमनं स्वदारेषु महीपते ॥ ३,८.
For the support of servants and others, all may accept possessions; approaching one's own wives during the proper season, O King.
दया समस्तभूतेषु तितिक्षा नातिमानिता । सत्यं शौचमनायासो मङ्गलं प्रियवादिता ॥ ३,८.
Compassion toward all beings, forbearance, absence of arrogance, truthfulness, purity, lack of anxiety, auspiciousness, and speaking kindly—these are virtues.
मैत्र्यस्पृहा तथा तद्वदकार्पण्यंनरेश्वर । अनुसूया च सामान्यवर्णानां कथिता गुणाः ॥ ३,८.
Friendliness, non-covetousness, likewise non-miserliness, and absence of envy—these are said to be the virtues of all common classes, O lord of men.
आश्रमाणां च सर्वेषामेते सामान्यलक्षणाः । गुणांस्तथावद्धर्मांश्च विप्रादीनामिमाञ्छृणु ॥ ३,८.
And these are the general characteristics for all the āśramas as well; now hear, in the same manner, the virtues and duties specific to the Brāhmaṇa and others.
क्षात्त्रं कर्म द्विजस्योक्तं वैश्यं कर्म तथा पदि । राजन्यस्य च वैश्योक्तं शूद्रकर्म न चैतयोः ॥ ३,८.
The duty of a Kṣatriya is prescribed for a twice-born; the duty of a Vaiśya likewise in adversity; but the duty of a Śūdra is not for these two.
सामर्थ्ये सति तत्त्याज्यमुभाभ्यामपि पार्थिव । तदेवापदि कर्तव्यं न कुर्यात्कर्मसंकरम् ॥ ३,८.
If capable, both may abandon such duties even in distress, O king; only in adversity should they perform them, but they should not mix the duties of the classes.
इत्येते कथिता राजन्वर्णधर्मा मया तव । धर्मानाश्रमिणां सम्यग्ब्रुवतो मे निशामय ॥ ३,८.
Thus, O king, I have described to you the duties of the classes; now listen as I properly declare the duties of the orders of life.
और्व उवाच । बालः कृतोपनयनो वेदाहरणतत्परः । गुरुगेहे वसेद्भूप ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः
Aurva said: A boy who has undergone initiation, devoted to reciting the Veda, should reside with his teacher, O king, intent as a student.
शौचा चारव्रतं तत्र कार्य्यं शुश्रूषणं गुरोः । व्रतानि चरता ग्राह्यो वेदश्च कृतबुद्धिना
There, he should practice purity, good conduct, and vows, and serve his teacher; while observing the vows, he should learn the Veda with a determined mind.