Vayu Purana

तस्मादुत्तरमार्गस्थो ह्यमावास्यां निशाकरः। दृश्यते दक्षिणे मार्गे नियमाद्दृश्यते न च ।। ५३.

Therefore, the Moon, situated on the northern path at the new moon, is seen; on the southern path, by rule, it is not seen.

ज्योतिषां गतियोगेन सूर्याचन्द्रमसावुभौ। समानकालास्तमयौ विषुवत्सु समोदयौ ।। ५३.

By the movement and conjunction of the luminaries, the sun and the moon both set and rise at the same time during the equinoxes.

उत्तरासु च वीथीषु व्यन्तरास्तमयोदयौ। पूर्णामावास्ययोर्ज्ञेयौ ज्योतिश्चक्रानुवर्त्तिनौ ।। ५३.

In the northern paths, their setting and rising are intermediate; on the full and new moon days, they are to be known as following the circuit of the luminaries.

दक्षिणायनमार्गस्थो यदा भवति रश्मिवान्। तदा सर्वग्रहाणां स सूर्योऽधस्तात् प्रसर्पति ।। ५३.

When the radiant one travels the southern course, then the sun moves below all the planets.

विस्तीर्णं मण्डलं कृत्वा तस्योर्द्ध्वञ्चरते शशी। नक्षत्रमण्डलं कृत्स्नं सोमादूर्द्ध्वं प्रसर्पति ।। ५३.

Having made a broad circle, the moon moves above it; the entire circle of stars proceeds above the moon.

नक्षत्रेभ्यो बुधश्वोर्द्ध्वं बुधादूर्द्ध्वं बृहस्पतिः। तस्माच्छनैश्चरश्चोर्द्ध्वं तस्मात्सप्तर्षिमण्डलम् । ऋषीणाञ्चैव सप्तानां ध्रुव ऊर्द्ध्वं व्यवस्थितः ।। ५३.

Above the stars is Mercury, above Mercury is Jupiter, above that is Saturn, and above that is the circle of the Seven Sages; above the seven sages, the Pole Star is established.

द्विगुणेषु सहस्रेषु योजनानां शतेषु च। ताराग्रहान्तराणि स्युरुपरिष्टाद्यथाक्रमम् ।। ५३.

At intervals of two thousand and one hundred yojanas, the spaces between the stars and planets are arranged successively above.

ग्रहाश्च चन्द्रसूर्यौ तु दिवि दिव्येन तेजसा। नित्यमृक्षेषु युज्यन्ति गच्छन्ति नियमक्रमात् ।। ५३.

The planets, the moon, and the sun, with their divine radiance, are always joined to the constellations and move according to their ordained order.

ग्रहनक्षत्रसूर्यास्तु नीचोच्चमृद्ववस्थिताः। समागमे च भेदे च पश्यन्ति युगपत् प्रजाः ।। ५३.

The planets, stars, and sun are situated in exaltation, debilitation, or neutrality; at conjunction and separation, people see them simultaneously.

परस्परस्थिताः ह्येते युज्यन्ते च परस्परम्। असङ्करेण विज्ञेयस्तेषां योगस्तु वै बुधैः ।। ५३.

These, being mutually situated, are joined to each other; their conjunctions are to be understood by the wise as occurring without confusion.

इत्येष सन्निवेशो वः पृथिव्यां ज्यौतिषस्य च। द्वीपानामुद्नधीनां च पर्वतानां तथैव च ।। ५३.

Thus is the arrangement for you of the earth and the luminaries, as well as the continents, oceans, and likewise the mountains.

वर्षाणां च नदीनाञ्च येषु तेषु वसन्ति वै। एते चैव ग्रहाः पूर्वं नक्षत्रेषु समुत्थिताः ।। ५३.

In those regions where people dwell—lands, rivers, and so on—these planets first arose among the constellations.

विवस्वानदितेः पुत्रः सूर्यो वै चाक्षुषेऽन्तरे। विशाखासु समुत्पन्नो ग्रहाणां प्रथमो ग्रहः ।। ५३.

The sun, son of Aditi, in the Cākṣuṣa Manvantara, was born in Viśākhā and was the first among the planets.

त्विषिमान् धर्म्मपुत्रस्तु सोमो विश्वावसुस्तथा। शीतरश्मिः समुत्पन्नः कृत्तिकासु निशाकरः ।। ५३.

The radiant Soma, son of Dharma, known as Viśvāvasu, the cool-rayed night-maker, was born in Kṛttikā.

षोडशार्चिर्भृगोः पुत्रः शुक्रः सूर्यादनन्तरम्। ताराग्रहाणां प्रवरस्तिष्यक्षेत्रे समुत्थितः ।। ५३.

Sixteen-rayed Śukra, son of Bhṛgu, arose after the sun; foremost among the star-planets, he was born in Tiṣya.

ग्रहश्चाङ्गिरसः पुत्रो द्वादशार्च्चिर्बृहस्पतिः। फाल्गुनीषु समुत्पन्नः सर्वासु च जगद्गुरुः ।। ५३.

The planet Bṛhaspati, son of Aṅgiras, with twelve rays, was born in Phālgunī and is the preceptor of all the worlds.

नवार्चिर्लोहिताङ्गस्तु प्रजापतिसुतो ग्रहः । आषाढास्विह पूर्वासु समुत्पन्न इति श्रुतिः ।। ५३.

The nine-rayed, red-bodied planet, son of Prajāpati, was born in Pūrvāṣāḍhā, as is declared in the tradition.

रेवतीष्वेव सप्तार्चि स्तथा सौरशनैश्चरः। रोहिणीषु समुत्पन्नौ ग्रहौ चन्द्रार्कमर्द्दनौ ।। ५३.

In Revati, the seven-rayed Saturn, and in Rohiṇī, the two planets that afflict the moon and sun, were born.

एते ताराग्रहाश्चैव बोद्धव्या भार्गवादय। जन्मनक्षत्रपीडासु यान्ति वैगुण्यतां यतः। स्पृशन्ते तेन दोषेण ततस्ता ग्रहभक्तिषु ।। ५३.

These star-planets, beginning with Bhārgava, are to be understood; when the birth-star is afflicted, they become inauspicious, and by that fault, they affect the planetary influences.

सर्वग्रहाणामेतेषामादिरादित्य उच्यते। ताराग्रहाणां शुक्रस्तु केतूनाञ्चैव धूमवान् ।। ५३.

Among all the planets, the Sun is said to be the foremost; among the star-planets, Venus, and among the comets, the smoky one (Ketu).

ध्रुवः कालो ग्रहाणां तु विभक्तानां चतुर्दिशम् । नक्षत्राणां श्रविष्ठा स्यादयनानां तथोत्तरम् ।। ५३.

Dhruva is considered the time-marker for the planets distributed in the four directions; among the nakshatras, Shravishtha is the foremost, and among the ayanas, the northern is so regarded.

वर्षाणाञ्चापि पञ्चानामाद्यः संवत्सरः स्मृतः। ऋतूनां शिशिरञ्चापि मासानां माघ एव च ।। ५३.

Among the five years, the first is known as the Samvatsara; among the seasons, Shishira, and among the months, Magha is the foremost.

पक्षाणां शुक्लपक्षस्तु तिथीनां प्रतिपत्तथा। अहोरात्रविभागानामहश्चापि प्रकीर्तितम् ।। ५३.

Among the lunar fortnights, the bright fortnight is foremost; among the lunar days, the first day (Pratipat); and among the divisions of day and night, the day is declared foremost.

मुहूर्त्तानां तथैवादिर्मुहूर्त्तो रुद्रदैवतः। अक्ष्णोश्चापि निमेषादिः कालः कालविदो मतः ।। ५३.

Among the muhurtas, the first is the Rudra-muhurta; among the divisions of the eye, the nimeṣa is considered the beginning of time by those who know time.

श्रवणान्तं श्रविष्ठादियुगं स्यात् पञ्चवार्षिकम्। भानोर्गतिविशेषेण चक्रवत् परिवर्त्तते ।। ५३.

The period beginning with Shravishtha and ending with Shravana is a five-year cycle; by the special motion of the Sun, it revolves like a wheel.

दिवाकरः स्मृतस्तस्मात्कालस्तं विद्धि चेश्वरम्। चतुर्वनिधानां भूतानां प्रवर्त्तकनिवर्त्तकः ।। ५३.

Therefore, the Sun is remembered as time; know him as the lord who initiates and concludes the activity of all fourfold beings.

इत्येष ज्योतिषामेव सन्निवेशोऽर्थनिश्चयात्। लोकसंव्यवहारार्थमीश्वरेण विनिर्मितः ।। ५३.

Thus, this arrangement of the luminaries is established for the determination of meaning, created by the Lord for the conduct of the world.

उत्पन्नः श्रवणेनासौ संक्षिप्तश्च ध्रुवे तथा। सर्वतोऽन्तेषु विस्तीर्णो वृक्षाकार इति स्थितिः ।। ५३.

It arises from Shravana, is contracted at Dhruva, and is expanded in all directions at the ends; its form is like a tree—such is its state.

बुद्धिपूर्वम्भगवता कल्पादौ संप्रकीर्तितः। साश्रयः सोऽभिमानी च सर्वस्य ज्योतिरात्मकः। विश्वरूपः प्रधानस्य परिणामोऽयमद्भुतः ।। ५३.

At the beginning of the kalpa, the Blessed One declared it with intelligence; it has a basis, is endowed with self-consciousness, is the essence of all luminaries, and is the marvelous transformation of Pradhana, the universal form.