Vayu Purana

तेभ्योऽधस्तात्तु चत्वारः पुनरन्ये महाग्रहाः। सूर्यः सोमो बुधश्चैव भार्गवश्चैव शीघ्रगाः ।। ५३.

Below them are again four other great planets: the sun, the moon, Budha (Mercury), and Bhargava (Venus), known as the swift-moving ones.

यावन्त्य स्तारकाः कोट्यस्तावदृक्षाणि सर्वशः। वीथीनां नियमाच्चैवमृक्षमार्गो व्यवस्थितः ।। ५३.

As many as there are crores of stars, so many are the constellations in all; by the arrangement of the paths, thus is the path of the constellations established.

गतिस्तास्त्वेव सूर्यस्य नीचोच्चत्वेऽयनक्रमात्। उत्तरायण मार्गस्थो यदा पर्वसु चन्द्रमाः। बौधं बौधोऽथ स्वर्भानुः स्वर्भानोः स्थानमास्थितः ।। ५३.

Such indeed is the movement of the sun, according to the order of its declination and ascension; when the moon is on the path of the northern solstice during the phases, Budha, then Mercury, and Swarbhanu occupy the place of Swarbhanu.

नक्षत्राणि च सर्वाणि नक्षत्राणि विशन्त्युत। गृहाण्ये तानि सर्वाणि ज्योतींषि सुकृतात्मनाम् ।। ५३.

All the stars enter into the constellations; these are the luminous abodes of those whose souls are virtuous.

कल्पादौ संप्रवृत्तानि निर्मितानि स्वयम्भुवा। स्थानान्येतानि तिष्ठन्ति यावदाभूतसंप्लवम् ।। ५३.

At the beginning of the kalpa, these places were set in motion and created by the Self-born; they remain established until the dissolution of beings.

मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु देवतायतनानि वै। अभिमानिनोऽवतिष्टन्ति यावदाभूतसंप्लवम् ।। ५३.

In every manvantara, the abodes of the deities, possessed by those with pride, remain until the dissolution of beings.

अतीतैस्तु सहातीता भाव्याभाव्यैः सुरासुरैः । वर्त्तन्ते वर्त्तमानैश्च स्थानानि स्वैः सुरैः सह ।। ५३.

Together with those who have passed and those yet to come, with gods and demons, these places exist along with the present ones and their respective deities.

अस्मिन् मन्वन्तरे चैव ग्रहा वैमानिकाः स्मृताः। विवस्वानदितेः पुत्रः सूर्यो वैवस्वतेऽन्तरे ।। ५३.

In this manvantara, the planets are considered celestial; the Sun, son of Vivasvan and Aditi, belongs to the Vaivasvata manvantara.

त्विषिमान्धर्मपुत्रस्तु सोमदेवो वसुः स्मृतः। शुक्रो देवस्तु विज्ञेयो भार्गवोऽसुरराजकः ।। ५३.

Tviṣimān, son of Dharma, is known as the lunar deity and a Vasu; Śukra is to be understood as the deity, the Bhārgava, lord of the Asuras.

बृहत्तेजाः स्मृतो देवो देवाचार्योऽङ्गिरःसुतः। बुधो मनोहरश्चैव त्विषिपुत्रस्तु स स्मृतः ।। ५३.

Bṛhaspati, of great brilliance, is known as the deity, the teacher of the gods, son of Aṅgiras; Budha, enchanting, is also known as the son of Tviṣimān.

अग्निर्विकल्पात् संजज्ञे युवाऽसौ लोहिताधिपः। नक्षत्रऋक्षगामिन्यो दाक्षायण्यः स्मृतास्तु ताः ।। ५३.

Agni was born from Vikalpa, and he is the youthful lord of the red; the daughters of Dakṣa, who traverse the stars and constellations, are known as such.

स्वर्भानुः सिंहिकापुत्रो भूतसन्तापनोऽसुरः। सोमर्क्षग्रहसूर्ये तु कीर्तितास्त्वभिमानिनः ।। ५३.

Svarbhānu, son of Siṃhikā, is the Asura who afflicts beings; among the Moon, stars, planets, and Sun, those who are renowned are the proud ones.

स्थानान्येतान्यथोक्तानि स्थानिन्यश्चैव देवताः। शुक्लमग्निमयं स्थानं सहस्रांशोर्विवस्वतः ।। ५३.

These places have been described as above, and the deities residing in them as well; the abode of Vivasvat, the thousand-rayed Sun, is white and composed of fire.

सहस्रांशोस्त्विषः स्थानमम्मयं शुक्लमेव च। अथ श्यामं मनोज्ञस्य पञ्चरश्मेर्गृहं स्मृतम् ।। ५३.

The abode of Tviṣimān is also white and composed of water; the abode of Manojña, the five-rayed one, is considered dark.

शुक्रस्याप्यम्मयं स्थानं सद्म षोडशरश्मिवत्। नवरश्मेस्तु यूनो हि लोहितस्थानमम्मयम् ।। ५३.

The abode of Śukra is also watery, and his house is sixteen-rayed; for the youthful, the nine-rayed one, the abode of the red is watery.

हरिश्चाप्यं बृहच्चापि द्वादशांशोर्बृहस्पतेः। अष्ट रश्मेर्गृहं प्रोक्तं कृष्णं बुद्धस्य अम्मयम् ।। ५३.

Hari's abode is watery, and so is that of Bṛhaspati, the twelve-rayed one; the house of the eight-rayed one is said to be dark, and Budha's abode is watery.

स्वर्भानोस्तामसं स्थानं भूतसन्तापनालयम्। विज्ञेयास्तारकाः सर्वास्त्वम्मयास्त्वेकरश्मयः ।। ५३.

Svarbhānu's abode is dark, the dwelling place of affliction for beings; all the stars are to be understood as watery, each with a single ray.

आश्रयाः पुण्यकीर्तीनां सुशुक्लाश्चैव वर्णतः। घनतोयात्मिका ज्ञेयाः कल्पादौ वेदनिर्मिताः ।। ५३.

The abodes of those with virtuous fame are exceedingly white in color; they are to be known as dense and watery, created at the beginning of the kalpa by the Vedas.

उच्चत्वाद्दृश्यते शीघ्रमभिव्यक्तैर्गभस्तिभिः। तथा दक्षिणमार्गस्थो नीविवीथीसमाक्षितः ।। ५३.

Because of their height, they are quickly seen, revealed by their radiant beams; likewise, those situated on the southern path are marked by the Nīvi path.

भूमिलेखावृतः सूर्यः पूर्णामावास्ययोस्तथा। नदृश्यते यथाकालं शाघ्रतोऽस्तमुपैति च ।। ५३.

The Sun, covered by the line of the earth, at the full moon and new moon, is not seen at the proper time and quickly sets.

तस्मादुत्तरमार्गस्थो ह्यमावास्यां निशाकरः। दृश्यते दक्षिणे मार्गे नियमाद्दृश्यते न च ।। ५३.

Therefore, the Moon, situated on the northern path at the new moon, is seen; on the southern path, by rule, it is not seen.

ज्योतिषां गतियोगेन सूर्याचन्द्रमसावुभौ। समानकालास्तमयौ विषुवत्सु समोदयौ ।। ५३.

By the movement and conjunction of the luminaries, the sun and the moon both set and rise at the same time during the equinoxes.

उत्तरासु च वीथीषु व्यन्तरास्तमयोदयौ। पूर्णामावास्ययोर्ज्ञेयौ ज्योतिश्चक्रानुवर्त्तिनौ ।। ५३.

In the northern paths, their setting and rising are intermediate; on the full and new moon days, they are to be known as following the circuit of the luminaries.

दक्षिणायनमार्गस्थो यदा भवति रश्मिवान्। तदा सर्वग्रहाणां स सूर्योऽधस्तात् प्रसर्पति ।। ५३.

When the radiant one travels the southern course, then the sun moves below all the planets.

विस्तीर्णं मण्डलं कृत्वा तस्योर्द्ध्वञ्चरते शशी। नक्षत्रमण्डलं कृत्स्नं सोमादूर्द्ध्वं प्रसर्पति ।। ५३.

Having made a broad circle, the moon moves above it; the entire circle of stars proceeds above the moon.

नक्षत्रेभ्यो बुधश्वोर्द्ध्वं बुधादूर्द्ध्वं बृहस्पतिः। तस्माच्छनैश्चरश्चोर्द्ध्वं तस्मात्सप्तर्षिमण्डलम् । ऋषीणाञ्चैव सप्तानां ध्रुव ऊर्द्ध्वं व्यवस्थितः ।। ५३.

Above the stars is Mercury, above Mercury is Jupiter, above that is Saturn, and above that is the circle of the Seven Sages; above the seven sages, the Pole Star is established.

द्विगुणेषु सहस्रेषु योजनानां शतेषु च। ताराग्रहान्तराणि स्युरुपरिष्टाद्यथाक्रमम् ।। ५३.

At intervals of two thousand and one hundred yojanas, the spaces between the stars and planets are arranged successively above.

ग्रहाश्च चन्द्रसूर्यौ तु दिवि दिव्येन तेजसा। नित्यमृक्षेषु युज्यन्ति गच्छन्ति नियमक्रमात् ।। ५३.

The planets, the moon, and the sun, with their divine radiance, are always joined to the constellations and move according to their ordained order.

ग्रहनक्षत्रसूर्यास्तु नीचोच्चमृद्ववस्थिताः। समागमे च भेदे च पश्यन्ति युगपत् प्रजाः ।। ५३.

The planets, stars, and sun are situated in exaltation, debilitation, or neutrality; at conjunction and separation, people see them simultaneously.