Vayu Purana

त्रिगुणस्तस्य विस्तारो मण्डलञ्च प्रमाणतः। द्विगुणः सूर्यविस्ताराद्विस्तारः शशिनः स्मृतः ।। ५३.

Its extent is three times that, and the disk is measured accordingly; the extent of the moon is said to be twice that of the sun.

तुल्यस्तयोस्तु स्वर्भानुर्भूत्वाधस्तात् प्रसर्पति। उद्धृत्य पार्थिवच्छायां निर्मितो मण्डलाकृतिः ।। ५३.

Swarbhanu, being equal to both, moves below them, having taken up the shadow of the earth, and is formed in the shape of a disk.

स्वर्भानोस्तु बृहत् स्थानन्निर्मितं यत्तमोमयम्। आदित्यात्तच्च निष्क्रम्य सोमं गच्छति पर्वसु ।। ५३.

The great abode of Swarbhanu is made of darkness; departing from the sun, it goes to the moon during the lunar phases.

आदित्यमेति सोमाच्च पुनः सोमञ्च पर्वसु। स्वर्भासानुदते यस्मात्ततः स्वर्भानुरुच्यते ।। ५३.

It goes from the moon to the sun again during the phases; because it rises with the light of Swarbhanu, it is called Swarbhanu.

चन्द्रस्य षोडशो भागो भार्गवश्च निधीयते। विष्कम्भान्मण्डलाच्चैव योजनाग्रात् प्रमाणतः ।। ५३.

The sixteenth part of the moon belongs to Bhargava (Venus), measured from the diameter and the disk, and from the tip of the yojana.

भार्गवात्पादहीनस्तु विज्ञेयो वै बृहस्पतिः। बुहस्पतेः पादहीनौ कुजसौरावुभौ स्मृतौ । विस्तारान्मण्डलाच्चैव पादहीनस्तयोर्बुधः ।। ५३.

Brihaspati is to be understood as lacking a quarter compared to Bhargava; both Mars and Saturn are said to be lacking a quarter compared to Brihaspati; and Budha (Mercury) is lacking a quarter compared to the disks and diameters of those two.

तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि स्वपुष्मन्तीह यानि वै। बुधेन समतुल्यानि विस्तारान्मण्डलादथ ।। ५३.

The forms of stars and constellations here, which possess their own brilliance, are equal in extent to Budha, measured from the disk.

प्रायशश्चन्द्रयोगानि विद्यादृक्षाणि तत्त्ववित्। तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि हीनानि तु परस्परम् ।। ५३.

One who knows the truth should understand that most of the stars are joined with the moon; the forms of stars and constellations are, however, less than each other.

शतानि पञ्च चत्वारि त्रीणि द्वे चैव योजने। पूर्वापरनिकृष्टानि तारकामण्डलानि तु। योजनान्यर्द्धमात्राणि तेभ्यो ह्रस्वं न विद्यते ।। ५३.

There are five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, and two hundred yojanas, the star-disks being more distant in the east and west; there is no disk among them shorter than half a yojana.

उपरिष्टात्रयस्तेषां ग्रहा ये दूरसर्पिणः। सौरोऽङ्गिराश्च वक्रश्च ज्ञेया मन्दविचारिणः ।। ५३.

Above these are three planets, those that move far: the solar (Mars), the Angirasa (Jupiter), and the retrograde (Saturn), known as the slow-moving ones.

तेभ्योऽधस्तात्तु चत्वारः पुनरन्ये महाग्रहाः। सूर्यः सोमो बुधश्चैव भार्गवश्चैव शीघ्रगाः ।। ५३.

Below them are again four other great planets: the sun, the moon, Budha (Mercury), and Bhargava (Venus), known as the swift-moving ones.

यावन्त्य स्तारकाः कोट्यस्तावदृक्षाणि सर्वशः। वीथीनां नियमाच्चैवमृक्षमार्गो व्यवस्थितः ।। ५३.

As many as there are crores of stars, so many are the constellations in all; by the arrangement of the paths, thus is the path of the constellations established.

गतिस्तास्त्वेव सूर्यस्य नीचोच्चत्वेऽयनक्रमात्। उत्तरायण मार्गस्थो यदा पर्वसु चन्द्रमाः। बौधं बौधोऽथ स्वर्भानुः स्वर्भानोः स्थानमास्थितः ।। ५३.

Such indeed is the movement of the sun, according to the order of its declination and ascension; when the moon is on the path of the northern solstice during the phases, Budha, then Mercury, and Swarbhanu occupy the place of Swarbhanu.

नक्षत्राणि च सर्वाणि नक्षत्राणि विशन्त्युत। गृहाण्ये तानि सर्वाणि ज्योतींषि सुकृतात्मनाम् ।। ५३.

All the stars enter into the constellations; these are the luminous abodes of those whose souls are virtuous.

कल्पादौ संप्रवृत्तानि निर्मितानि स्वयम्भुवा। स्थानान्येतानि तिष्ठन्ति यावदाभूतसंप्लवम् ।। ५३.

At the beginning of the kalpa, these places were set in motion and created by the Self-born; they remain established until the dissolution of beings.

मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु देवतायतनानि वै। अभिमानिनोऽवतिष्टन्ति यावदाभूतसंप्लवम् ।। ५३.

In every manvantara, the abodes of the deities, possessed by those with pride, remain until the dissolution of beings.

अतीतैस्तु सहातीता भाव्याभाव्यैः सुरासुरैः । वर्त्तन्ते वर्त्तमानैश्च स्थानानि स्वैः सुरैः सह ।। ५३.

Together with those who have passed and those yet to come, with gods and demons, these places exist along with the present ones and their respective deities.

अस्मिन् मन्वन्तरे चैव ग्रहा वैमानिकाः स्मृताः। विवस्वानदितेः पुत्रः सूर्यो वैवस्वतेऽन्तरे ।। ५३.

In this manvantara, the planets are considered celestial; the Sun, son of Vivasvan and Aditi, belongs to the Vaivasvata manvantara.

त्विषिमान्धर्मपुत्रस्तु सोमदेवो वसुः स्मृतः। शुक्रो देवस्तु विज्ञेयो भार्गवोऽसुरराजकः ।। ५३.

Tviṣimān, son of Dharma, is known as the lunar deity and a Vasu; Śukra is to be understood as the deity, the Bhārgava, lord of the Asuras.

बृहत्तेजाः स्मृतो देवो देवाचार्योऽङ्गिरःसुतः। बुधो मनोहरश्चैव त्विषिपुत्रस्तु स स्मृतः ।। ५३.

Bṛhaspati, of great brilliance, is known as the deity, the teacher of the gods, son of Aṅgiras; Budha, enchanting, is also known as the son of Tviṣimān.

अग्निर्विकल्पात् संजज्ञे युवाऽसौ लोहिताधिपः। नक्षत्रऋक्षगामिन्यो दाक्षायण्यः स्मृतास्तु ताः ।। ५३.

Agni was born from Vikalpa, and he is the youthful lord of the red; the daughters of Dakṣa, who traverse the stars and constellations, are known as such.

स्वर्भानुः सिंहिकापुत्रो भूतसन्तापनोऽसुरः। सोमर्क्षग्रहसूर्ये तु कीर्तितास्त्वभिमानिनः ।। ५३.

Svarbhānu, son of Siṃhikā, is the Asura who afflicts beings; among the Moon, stars, planets, and Sun, those who are renowned are the proud ones.

स्थानान्येतान्यथोक्तानि स्थानिन्यश्चैव देवताः। शुक्लमग्निमयं स्थानं सहस्रांशोर्विवस्वतः ।। ५३.

These places have been described as above, and the deities residing in them as well; the abode of Vivasvat, the thousand-rayed Sun, is white and composed of fire.

सहस्रांशोस्त्विषः स्थानमम्मयं शुक्लमेव च। अथ श्यामं मनोज्ञस्य पञ्चरश्मेर्गृहं स्मृतम् ।। ५३.

The abode of Tviṣimān is also white and composed of water; the abode of Manojña, the five-rayed one, is considered dark.

शुक्रस्याप्यम्मयं स्थानं सद्म षोडशरश्मिवत्। नवरश्मेस्तु यूनो हि लोहितस्थानमम्मयम् ।। ५३.

The abode of Śukra is also watery, and his house is sixteen-rayed; for the youthful, the nine-rayed one, the abode of the red is watery.

हरिश्चाप्यं बृहच्चापि द्वादशांशोर्बृहस्पतेः। अष्ट रश्मेर्गृहं प्रोक्तं कृष्णं बुद्धस्य अम्मयम् ।। ५३.

Hari's abode is watery, and so is that of Bṛhaspati, the twelve-rayed one; the house of the eight-rayed one is said to be dark, and Budha's abode is watery.

स्वर्भानोस्तामसं स्थानं भूतसन्तापनालयम्। विज्ञेयास्तारकाः सर्वास्त्वम्मयास्त्वेकरश्मयः ।। ५३.

Svarbhānu's abode is dark, the dwelling place of affliction for beings; all the stars are to be understood as watery, each with a single ray.

आश्रयाः पुण्यकीर्तीनां सुशुक्लाश्चैव वर्णतः। घनतोयात्मिका ज्ञेयाः कल्पादौ वेदनिर्मिताः ।। ५३.

The abodes of those with virtuous fame are exceedingly white in color; they are to be known as dense and watery, created at the beginning of the kalpa by the Vedas.

उच्चत्वाद्दृश्यते शीघ्रमभिव्यक्तैर्गभस्तिभिः। तथा दक्षिणमार्गस्थो नीविवीथीसमाक्षितः ।। ५३.

Because of their height, they are quickly seen, revealed by their radiant beams; likewise, those situated on the southern path are marked by the Nīvi path.