Vayu Purana

रुद्रो वैवस्वतः साक्षाद्धर्मो लोके प्रभुः स्वयम्। महाग्रहो द्विजश्रेष्ठो मन्दगामी शनैश्चरः ।। ५३.

Rudra, the son of Vivasvat, is verily Dharma, the lord in the world; the great planet Shani, slow-moving, is the best among twice-born.

देवासुरगुरू द्वौ तु भानुमन्तौ महाग्रहौ। प्रजापतिसुतावेतावुभौ शुक्रबृहस्पती। दैत्यो महेन्द्रश्च तयोराधिपत्ये विनिर्मितौ ।। ५३.

The two great planets, Bhānumant, are the preceptors of gods and demons; these two, Shukra and Brihaspati, are sons of Prajapati; a demon and Indra were created as their overlords.

आदित्यमूलमखिलं त्रिलोकं नात्र संशयः। भवत्यस्य जगत्कृत्स्नं सदेवासुरमानुषम् ।। ५३.

All the three worlds have the Sun as their root—of this there is no doubt; the entire universe, with gods, demons, and humans, exists because of him.

रुद्रेन्द्रोपेन्द्रचन्द्राणां विप्रेन्द्रास्त्रिदिवौकसाम्। द्युतिर्द्युतिमतां कृत्स्ना यत्तेजः सार्वलौकिकम् ।। ५३.

The radiance of Rudra, Indra, Upendra, the Moon, the best of Brahmins, and the gods of heaven—all their brilliance is your universal light.

सर्वात्मा सर्वलोकेशो मूलं परमदैवतम्। ततः संजायते सर्वं तत्र चैव प्रलीयते ।। ५३.

The Self of all, Lord of all worlds, the supreme root and highest deity—from him everything arises, and into him all is dissolved.

बावाभावौ हि लोकानामादित्यान्निः सृतौ पुरा। जगज्ज्ञेयो ग्रहो विप्रा दीप्तिमान् सुग्राहो रविः ।। ५३.

The creation and dissolution of worlds are indeed from the Sun; know, O Brahmins, that the shining planet Ravi is the grasping force of the universe.

यत्र गच्छन्ति निधनं जायन्ते च पुनः पुनः। क्षणा मुहूर्त्ता दिवसा निशाः पक्षाश्च कृत्स्नशः। मासाः संवत्सराश्चैव ऋतवोऽन्दयुगानि च ।। ५३.

Where all go to dissolution and are born again and again—moments, muhurtas, days, nights, fortnights, months, years, seasons, and the cycles of time—all occur there in their entirety.

तदादित्यादृते तेषां कालसंख्या न विद्यते। कालादृते न निगमो न दीक्षा नाह्निकक्रमः ।। ५३.

Except for the sun, there is no reckoning of time for them; without time, there is no scripture, no initiation, nor daily ritual sequence.

ऋतुनामविभागश्च पुष्पमूलफलं कुतः। कुतः सस्याभिनिष्पत्तिर्गुणौषधिगणादि वा ।। ५३.

Without the division of seasons, how could there be flowers, roots, or fruits? How could crops arise, or groups of qualities and medicinal plants?

अभावो व्यवहाराणां देवानां दिवि चेह च। जगत्प्रतापनमृते भास्करं वारितस्करम् ।। ५३.

Without the sun heating the world, there would be no activity among gods in heaven or here; the sun is the remover of darkness.

स एव कालश्चाग्निश्च द्वादशात्मा प्रजापतिः। तपत्येष द्विजश्रेष्टास्त्रैलोक्यं सचराचरम् ।। ५३.

He alone is time and fire, the twelvefold Prajapati; O best of twice-born, he heats the three worlds, both moving and unmoving.

स एष तेजसां राशिः समस्तः सार्वलौकिकः। उत्तमं मार्गमास्थाय वायोभाभिरिदञ्जगत्। पार्श्वमूर्द्ध्वमधश्चैव तापयत्येष सर्वशः ।। ५३.

He is the complete mass of all radiance, universal; taking the highest path, with the brilliance of wind, he heats this world on every side—lateral, above, and below.

रवेरश्मिसहस्रं यत् प्राङ्मया समुदाहृतम् । तेषां श्रेष्ठाः पुनः सप्त रश्मयो ग्रहयोनयः ।। ५३.

The thousand rays of the sun that I previously described—among them, seven are foremost, and these rays are the sources of the planets.

सुषुम्नो हरिकेशश्च विश्वकर्मा तथैव च। विश्वश्रवाः पुनश्चान्यः संयद्वसुरतः परम् । अर्वावसुः पुनश्चान्यो मया चात्र प्रकीर्त्तितः ।। ५३.

Suṣumna, Harikeśa, Viśvakarma likewise, Viśvaśrava, another called Saṃyadvasu, and Arvāvasu, another, are mentioned here by me.

सुषुम्नः सूर्यरश्मिस्तु क्षीणं शशिनमेधयन्। तिर्यगूर्द्ध्वप्रभावोऽसौ सुषुम्नः परिकीर्त्यते ।। ५३.

Suṣumna is the solar ray that nourishes the waning moon; its radiance spreads horizontally and upward, and this is called Suṣumna.

हरिकेशः पुरस्त्वाद्या ऋक्षयोनिः प्रकीर्त्यते। दक्षिणे विश्वकर्मा तु रश्मिर्वर्द्धयते बुधम् ।। ५३.

Harikeśa, first and foremost, is said to be the origin of the stars; Viśvakarma, on the southern side, is the ray that increases Mercury.

विश्वश्रवास्तु यः पश्चात् शुक्रयोनिः स्मृतो बुधैः। संयद्वसुश्च यो रश्मिः सा योनिर्लोहितस्य च ।। ५३.

Viśvaśrava, which is in the west, is known by the wise as the origin of Venus; Saṃyadvasu is the ray that is the origin of Mars.

षष्ठस्त्वर्वावसू रश्मिर्योनिस्तु स बृहस्पतेः। शनैश्चरं पुनश्चापि रश्मिराप्यायते स्वराट् ।। ५३.

The sixth ray, Arvāvasu, is the origin of Jupiter; again, there is a ray that nourishes Saturn, called Svarāṭ.

एवं सूर्यप्रभावेण ग्रहनक्षत्रतारकाः। वर्द्धन्ते विदिताः सर्वा विश्वञ्चैदं पुनर्जगत् । नक्षीयन्ते पुनस्तानि तस्मान्नक्षत्रता स्मृता ।। ५३.

Thus, by the radiance of the sun, the planets, stars, and constellations all grow, as is known; and this entire world is renewed; again, those stars diminish, hence they are called constellations.

क्षेत्राण्येतानि वै पूर्वमापतन्ति गभस्तिभिः। तेषां क्षेत्राण्यथादत्ते सूर्यो नक्षत्रताङ्गतः ।। ५३.

These fields are first approached by the rays; the sun, having entered the state of constellations, takes up their fields accordingly.

तीर्णानां सुकृतेनेह सुकृतान्ते ग्रहाश्रयात् । ताराणां तारका ह्येताः शुक्लत्वाच्चैव तारकाः ।। ५३.

For those who have crossed over by good deeds here, at the end of good deeds, through the support of planets, these stars are called constellations; and because of their whiteness, they are called stars.

दिव्यानां पार्थिवानाञ्च नैशानाञ्चैव सर्वशः । आदानान्नित्यमादित्यस्तमसां तेजसां महान् ।। ५३.

From the taking up of the divine, earthly, and nocturnal ones, always, the sun is great among darkness and radiance.

सुवति स्पन्दनार्थे च धातुरेष विभाव्यते। सवनात्तेजसोऽपाञ्च तेनासौ सविता मतः ।। ५३.

He is perceived as the element for movement and vibration; from the pressing, radiance arises, and thus he is called Savitā.

बह्वर्थश्चन्द्र इत्येष ह्लादने धातुरिष्यते । शुक्लत्वे चामृतत्वे च शीतत्वे च विभाव्यते ।। ५३.

The moon is said to have many purposes; as an element, it is desired for cooling, and is perceived in whiteness, immortality, and coldness.

सुर्याचन्द्रमसोर्दिव्ये मण्डले भास्वरे खगे। ज्वलत्तेजोमये शुक्ले वृत्तकुम्भनिभे शुभे ।। ५३.

In the divine, radiant, and celestial orb of the sun and moon, blazing with light, white, round, and beautiful like a shining pot.

घनतोयात्मकं तत्र मण्डलं शशिनः स्मृतम्। घनतेजोमयं शुक्लं मण्डलं भास्करस्य तु ।। ५३.

There, the disk of the moon is said to be composed of dense water; the disk of the sun, however, is white and made of dense light.

विशन्ति सर्वदेवास्तु स्थानान्येतानि सर्वशः। मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु ऋक्षसूर्यग्रहाश्रयाः ।। ५३.

All the gods enter completely into these abodes; in every Manvantara, they are associated with the stars, the sun, and the planets.

तानि देवगृहाण्येव तदाख्यास्ते भवन्ति च। सौरं सूर्यो विशस्थानं सौम्यं सोमस्तथैव च ।। ५३.

These are indeed the houses of the gods, and they are called by those names; the sun enters the solar abode, and the moon likewise enters the lunar abode.

शौक्रं शुक्रो विशस्थानं षोडशार्च्चिः प्रतापवान्। बृहद्बृहस्पतिश्चैव लोहितश्चैव लौहितः । शानैश्चरं तथा स्थानं देव श्चैव शनैश्चरः ।। ५३.

Shukra enters the abode of Venus, shining with sixteen rays and full of splendor; Brihaspati and Lohita (Mars) enter their respective abodes; Shani (Saturn) likewise enters the abode of Saturn.