Vayu Purana

उद्यन्तञ्च पुनः सूर्यमौष्ण्यमाग्नेयमाविशत्। पादेन पार्थिवस्याग्नेस्तस्मादग्निस्तपत्यसौ ।। ५३.

When the sun rises again, its heat enters the fire; by the movement of terrestrial fire, therefore, that fire burns.

प्रकाशश्च तथौष्ण्यञ्च सौराग्नेये तु तेजसी। परस्परानुप्रवेशादाप्यायेते दिवानिशम् ।। ५३.

Both the light and the heat are the energies of the sun and fire; through mutual interpenetration, they are nourished day and night.

उत्तरे चैव भूम्यर्द्धे तस्मादस्मिंश्च दक्षिणे। उत्तिष्ठति पुनः सूर्ये रात्रिराविशते त्वपः। तस्मात्ताम्रा भवन्त्यापो दिवारात्रिप्रवेशनात् ।। ५३.

In the northern half of the earth, and likewise in the southern, when the sun rises again, night enters the waters; therefore, the waters become coppery due to the alternation of day and night.

अस्तं याति पुनः सूर्ये अहर्वै प्रविशत्यपः। तस्मान्नक्तं पुनः शुक्ला आपो विश्यन्ति भास्करे ।। ५३.

When the sun sets again, day enters the waters; therefore, at night, the waters become clear as they enter the sun.

एतेन क्रमयोगेन भूम्यर्द्धे दक्षिणोत्तरे । उदयास्तमये नित्यमहोरात्रं विशत्यपः ।। ५३.

By this sequence and union, in the northern and southern halves of the earth, at sunrise and sunset, day and night, the waters enter.

यश्चासौ तपते सूर्ये पिबन्नम्भो गभस्तिभिः। पार्थिवो हि विमिश्रोऽसौ दिव्यः शुचिरिति स्मृतः ।। ५३.

That which burns in the sun, drinking water with its rays, is the terrestrial fire, mixed and pure, and is called divine.

सहस्रपादः सोऽग्निस्तु वृत्तः कुम्भनिभः शुचिः। आदत्ते तत्तु रश्मीनां सहस्रेण समन्ततः ।। ५३.

That fire, with a thousand feet, round, pure like a pot, draws in with a thousand rays all around.

नादेयीश्चैव सामुद्रीः कौप्याश्चैव सधान्वनीः। स्थावरा जङ्गमाश्चैव यश्च सूर्यो हिरण्मयः। तस्य रश्मिसहस्रन्तु वर्षशीतोष्णनिःस्रवम् ।। ५३.

The waters of rivers, oceans, wells, and also those of marshes, stationary and moving, and the golden sun—all these, through his thousand rays, emit rain, cold, and heat.

तासाञ्चतुःशता नाड्यो वर्षन्ति चित्रमूर्त्तयः। वन्दनाश्चैव वन्द्यश्च ऋतना नूतनास्तथा। अमृता नामतः सर्व्वा रश्मयो वृष्टिसर्जनाः ।। ५३.

Of these, four hundred channels pour forth, having various forms; some are venerable, some are to be praised, some are seasonal, some are new; all are named 'nectar,' and the rays produce rain.

हिमवाहाश्च ताभ्योऽन्या रश्मयस्त्रिशताः पुनः। दृश्या मेध्याश्च वाह्याश्च ह्रादिन्यो हिमसर्जनाः ।। ५३.

From those, three hundred other rays arise, called the Himavahas; they are visible, pure, external, resounding, and producers of frost.

चन्द्रास्ता नामतः सर्वाः पीताभास्तु गभस्तयः। शुक्लाश्च ककुभश्चैव गावो विश्वभृतस्तथा ।। ५३.

All these are named Chandras, and their rays are yellowish; some are white, some are of the directions, and the cows are also called Vishvabhrit.

शुक्लास्ता नामतः सर्वास्त्रिशता घर्मसर्जनाः। समं बिभर्ति ताभिस्तु मनुष्यपितृदेवताः ।। ५३.

All these, named Shuklas, are three hundred in number, producers of heat; by them, humans, ancestors, and gods are equally sustained.

मनुष्यानौषधेनेह स्वधया च पितॄनपि। अमृतेन सुरान् सर्वांस्त्रींस्त्रिभिस्तर्पयत्यसौ ।। ५३.

Here, he satisfies humans with medicinal plants, ancestors with Svadha, and all the gods with nectar, by means of these three.

वसन्ते चैव ग्रीष्मे च सतैः सुतपते त्रिभिः। वर्षास्वथो शरदि च चतुर्भिः सम्प्रकर्षति ।। ५३.

In spring and summer, he draws forth with three hundred rays; in the rainy season and autumn, with four hundred.

हेमन्ते शिशिरे चैव हिमं स सृज ते त्रिभिः। ओषधीषु बलन्धत्ते स्वधया च पितॄनपि। सूर्योऽमरत्वममृतत्रयन्त्रिषु नियच्छति ।। ५३.

In winter and the cold season, he produces frost with three hundred rays; he gives strength to plants, satisfies the ancestors with Svadha, and the sun bestows immortality through the triple nectar.

एवं रश्मिसहस्रन्तत् सौरं लोकार्थ साधकम्। भिद्यते ऋतुमासाद्य जलशीतोष्णनिःस्रवम् ।। ५३.

Thus, the thousandfold network of solar rays, accomplishing the purpose of the worlds, is divided according to seasons, emitting water, cold, and heat.

इत्येतन्मण्डलं शुक्लं भास्वरं सूर्यसंज्ञितम्। नक्षत्रग्रहसोमानां प्रतिष्ठायोनिरेव च। ऋक्षचन्द्रग्रहाः सर्वे निज्ञेयाः सूर्यसम्भवाः ।। ५३.

Thus, this shining, radiant orb called the Sun is the foundation and source of the stars, planets, and the moon; all the constellations, lunar mansions, and planets are to be known as originating from the Sun.

नक्षत्राधिपतिः सोमो ग्रहराजो दिवाकरः। शेषाः पञ्चग्रहा ज्ञेया ईश्वराः कामरूपिणः ।। ५३.

The Moon is the lord of the stars, the Sun is the king of the planets; the remaining five planets are to be known as lords with forms according to their will.

पठ्यते चाग्निरादित्य औदकश्चन्द्रमाः स्मृतः। शेषाणां प्रकृतिं सम्यग्वर्ण्यमानां निबोधत ।। ५३.

Agni is called Aditya, and the Moon is said to be of water; now listen as I properly describe the nature of the remaining ones.

सुरसेनापति स्कन्दः पठ्यतेऽङ्गारको ग्रहः । नारायणं बुधं प्राहुर्देवं ज्ञानविदो विदुः ।। ५३.

Skanda, the commander of the gods, is called the planet Angaraka; those who know wisdom say that Budha is Narayana, the god.

रुद्रो वैवस्वतः साक्षाद्धर्मो लोके प्रभुः स्वयम्। महाग्रहो द्विजश्रेष्ठो मन्दगामी शनैश्चरः ।। ५३.

Rudra, the son of Vivasvat, is verily Dharma, the lord in the world; the great planet Shani, slow-moving, is the best among twice-born.

देवासुरगुरू द्वौ तु भानुमन्तौ महाग्रहौ। प्रजापतिसुतावेतावुभौ शुक्रबृहस्पती। दैत्यो महेन्द्रश्च तयोराधिपत्ये विनिर्मितौ ।। ५३.

The two great planets, Bhānumant, are the preceptors of gods and demons; these two, Shukra and Brihaspati, are sons of Prajapati; a demon and Indra were created as their overlords.

आदित्यमूलमखिलं त्रिलोकं नात्र संशयः। भवत्यस्य जगत्कृत्स्नं सदेवासुरमानुषम् ।। ५३.

All the three worlds have the Sun as their root—of this there is no doubt; the entire universe, with gods, demons, and humans, exists because of him.

रुद्रेन्द्रोपेन्द्रचन्द्राणां विप्रेन्द्रास्त्रिदिवौकसाम्। द्युतिर्द्युतिमतां कृत्स्ना यत्तेजः सार्वलौकिकम् ।। ५३.

The radiance of Rudra, Indra, Upendra, the Moon, the best of Brahmins, and the gods of heaven—all their brilliance is your universal light.

सर्वात्मा सर्वलोकेशो मूलं परमदैवतम्। ततः संजायते सर्वं तत्र चैव प्रलीयते ।। ५३.

The Self of all, Lord of all worlds, the supreme root and highest deity—from him everything arises, and into him all is dissolved.

बावाभावौ हि लोकानामादित्यान्निः सृतौ पुरा। जगज्ज्ञेयो ग्रहो विप्रा दीप्तिमान् सुग्राहो रविः ।। ५३.

The creation and dissolution of worlds are indeed from the Sun; know, O Brahmins, that the shining planet Ravi is the grasping force of the universe.

यत्र गच्छन्ति निधनं जायन्ते च पुनः पुनः। क्षणा मुहूर्त्ता दिवसा निशाः पक्षाश्च कृत्स्नशः। मासाः संवत्सराश्चैव ऋतवोऽन्दयुगानि च ।। ५३.

Where all go to dissolution and are born again and again—moments, muhurtas, days, nights, fortnights, months, years, seasons, and the cycles of time—all occur there in their entirety.

तदादित्यादृते तेषां कालसंख्या न विद्यते। कालादृते न निगमो न दीक्षा नाह्निकक्रमः ।। ५३.

Except for the sun, there is no reckoning of time for them; without time, there is no scripture, no initiation, nor daily ritual sequence.

ऋतुनामविभागश्च पुष्पमूलफलं कुतः। कुतः सस्याभिनिष्पत्तिर्गुणौषधिगणादि वा ।। ५३.

Without the division of seasons, how could there be flowers, roots, or fruits? How could crops arise, or groups of qualities and medicinal plants?