Vayu Purana

तस्याविष्पन्दजन्तोयं दिग्गजाः पृथुभिः करैः। शीकरं सम्प्रमुञ्चन्ति नीहार इति स स्मृतः ।। ५१.

From its motionless water, the elephants of the quarters, with their broad trunks, release spray, which is known as mist.

दक्षिणेन गिरिर्योऽसौ हेमकूट इति स्मृतः। उदग् हिमवतः शैलादुत्तरस्य च दक्षिणे। पुण्ड्रं नाम समाख्यातं नगरं तत्र वै स्मृतम् ।। ५१.

To the south is the mountain called Hemakūṭa; north of Himavat, and to the south of the northern region, is the city known as Puṇḍra.

तस्मिन्निपतितं वर्षं यत्तुषारसमुद्भवम् । ततस्तदावहो वायुर्हिमशैलात् समुद्वहन्। आनयत्यात्मयोगेन सिञ्चमानो महागिरिम् ।। ५१.

The rain that falls there, produced from frost, is then carried by the wind from the snowy mountain, bringing it by its own power and sprinkling the great mountain.

हिमवन्तमतिक्रम्य वृष्टिशेषं ततः परम्। इहाभ्येति ततः पश्चादपरान्तविवृद्धये ।। ५१.

Crossing Himavat, the remaining rain then comes here, later increasing the western region.

मेघावाप्यायतश्चैव सर्वमेतत् प्रकीर्त्तितम् । सूर्य एव तु वृष्टिनां स्रष्टा समुपदिश्यते ।। ५१.

Thus, the expansion of clouds has been described; indeed, the sun alone is taught as the creator of rains.

ध्रुवेणा वेष्टितः सूर्यस्ताभ्यां वृष्टिः प्रवर्त्तते। ध्रुवेणावेष्टितो वायुर्वृष्टिं संहरते पुनः ।। ५१.

The sun, encircled by the Pole Star, brings about rain through these two; the wind, encircled by the Pole Star, again withdraws the rain.

ग्रहान्निःसृत्य सूर्यात्तु कृत्स्ने नक्षत्रमण्डले । वारस्यान्ते विशत्यर्कं ध्रुवेण परिवेष्टितम् ।। ५१.

Emerging from the planets and from the sun, at the end of the day, it enters the sun, which is encircled by the Pole Star, within the entire region of the stars.

अतः सूर्यरथस्याथ सन्निवेशं निबोधत। संस्थितैनैकचक्रेण पञ्चारेण त्रिनाभिना ।। ५१.

Now, listen to the arrangement of the sun’s chariot: it is established with a single wheel, five spokes, and three hubs.

हिरण्मयेन भगवान् पर्वणा तु महौजसा। नष्टवर्त्मान्धकारेण षट्‌प्रकारैकनेमिना। चक्रेण भास्वता सूर्यः स्यन्दनेन प्रसर्प्पति ।। ५१.

The blessed sun, of great brilliance, moves with a golden axle, a path lost in darkness, a single rim of six kinds, and a radiant wheel as his chariot.

दश योजनसाहस्रो विस्तारायामतः स्मृतः। द्विगुणोऽस्य रथोपस्थादीषादण्डप्रमाणतः ।। ५१.

Its length and breadth are said to be ten thousand yojanas; its platform is twice that, measured by the standard of the pole.

स तस्य ब्रह्मणा सृष्टो रथो ह्यर्थवशेन तु। असङ्गः काञ्चनो दिव्यो युक्तः परमगैर्हयैः ।। ५१.

That chariot, created by Brahma for a specific purpose, is unattached, golden, divine, and yoked to supreme, swift horses.

छन्दोभिर्वाजिरूपैस्तु यतः शुक्रस्ततः स्थितः। वरुणस्यन्दनस्तेह लक्षणैः सदृशस्तु सः। ते नाऽसौ सर्पतिव्योम्नि भास्वता तु दिवाकरः ।। ५१.

The meters, in the form of steeds, are stationed there, with Shukra at the front; the chariot of Varuna is similar in its features; thus the radiant sun moves in the sky.

अथेमानि तु सूर्यस्य प्रत्यङ्गानि रथस्य तु। संवत्सरस्यावयवैः कल्पितानि यथा क्रमम् ।। ५१.

Now, these are the components of the sun’s chariot, arranged in order, corresponding to the parts of the year.

अहस्तु नाभिः सूर्यस्य एकचक्रः स वै स्मृतः। आराः पञ्चर्त्तवस्तस्य नेमिः षढृतवः स्मृताः ।। ५१.

The day is the hub of the sun, which is called the single wheel; the five seasons are its spokes, and the six seasons are said to be its rim.

रथनीडः स्मृतो ह्यब्दस्त्वयने कूबरावुभौ । मुहूर्ता बन्धुरास्तस्य शम्या तस्य कलाः स्मृताः ।। ५१.

The year is remembered as the body of the chariot, the solstices as the two axles; the muhurtas are its bindings, and the shamis are said to be its parts.

तस्य काष्ठाः स्मृता घोणा ईषादण्डः क्षणांस्तु वै। निमेषाश्चानुकर्षोऽस्य ईषा चास्य लवाः स्मृताः ।। ५१.

The kashthas are called the pegs, the pole is the moments, and the nimishas are its measures; the yoke is said to be its instants.

रात्रिर्वरूथो घर्मोऽस्य ध्वज ऊर्द्ध्वसमुच्छ्रितः। युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य अर्थकामावुभौ स्मृतौ ।। ५१.

Night is the covering, heat is its banner, raised high above; the two ends of the yoke are remembered as purpose and desire.

सप्ताश्वरूपाश्छन्दांसि वहन्ते वामतो धुराम्। गायत्री चैव त्रिष्टुप् च अनुष्टुब् जगती तथा ।। ५१.

The meters, in the form of seven horses, bear the yoke on the left: Gayatri, Trishtubh, Anushtubh, and Jagati as well.

पङ्क्तिश्च बृहती चैव उष्णिक् चैव तु सप्तमम्। अक्षे चक्रं निबद्धन्तु ध्रुवे त्वक्षः समर्पितः ।। ५१.

Pankti and Brihati, and Ushnik as the seventh; the wheel is fixed on the axle, and the axle is attached to the Pole Star.

सहचक्रो भ्रमत्यक्षः सहाक्षो भ्रमति ध्रुवः। अक्षः सहैव चक्रेण भ्रमतेऽसौ ध्रुवेरितः ।। ५१.

The axle rotates together with the wheel, and the Pole Star rotates with the axle; the axle, along with the wheel, rotates, driven by the Pole Star.

एवमर्थ वशात्तस्य सन्निवेशो रथस्य तु। तथा संयोगभागेन संसिद्धो भास्वरो रथः ।। ५१.

Thus, according to purpose, is the arrangement of the chariot; in this way, by their conjunction, the radiant chariot is perfected.

तेनाऽसौ तरणिर्देवस्तरसा सर्पते दिवि। युगाक्षकोटिसम्बद्धौ रश्मी द्वौ स्यन्दनस्य हि ।। ५१.

By this, the swift sun-god moves rapidly in the sky; the two rays of the chariot are bound to the ends of the yoke and the axle.

ध्रुवेण भ्रमतो रश्मी विचक्रयुगयोस्तु वै। भ्रमतो मण्डलानि स्युः खेचरस्य रथस्य तु ।। ५१.

As the rays revolve with the Pole Star and the pair of wheels, the circles of the chariot moving in the sky are formed.

युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य दक्षिणे स्यन्दनस्य तु। ध्रुवेण संगृहीते वै द्विचक्रश्वेतरज्जुवत् ।। ५१.

The two ends of the yoke are on the right side of that chariot, held by Dhruva, and the chariot has two wheels with white ropes.

भ्रमन्तमनुगच्छेतां ध्रुवं रश्मी तु तावुभौ । युगाक्ष कोटी ते तस्य वातोर्मी स्यन्दनस्य तु ।। ५१.

Both those rays follow Dhruva as he revolves; the ends of the yoke are the waves of wind for that chariot.

कीलासक्तो यथा रज्जुर्भ्रमते सर्वतो दिशम्। ह्रसतस्तस्य रश्मी तौ मण्डलेषूत्तरायणे ।। ५१.

Just as a rope attached to a peg turns in every direction, so do those two rays shorten in the circles during the northern course.

वर्द्धेते दक्षिणे चैव भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु। ध्रुवेण संगृहीतौ तु रस्मी वै नयतो रविम् ।। ५१.

And during the southern course, as the circles revolve, they lengthen; those rays, held by Dhruva, lead the Sun.

आकृष्येते यदा तौ वै ध्रुवेण समधिष्ठितौ। तदा सोऽभ्यन्तरं सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु ।। ५१.

When those two, established by Dhruva, are drawn in, then the Sun moves within, revolving through the circles.

अशीतिमण्डलशतं काष्ठयोरुभयोश्चरन् । ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानाभ्यां रश्मिभ्यां पुनरेव तु ।। ५१.

Traversing eighty hundred circles on both sides, when released by Dhruva from those two rays, he returns again.