Vayu Purana

वायसो मङ्गलश्चैव यामा द्वादश कीर्तिताः। अभिमन्युरुग्रदृष्टिः समयोऽथ शुचिश्रवाः। केवलो विश्वरूपश्च सुपक्षो मधुपस्तथा ।। ३१.

Vayasa and Mangala, and the twelve Yamas are named: Abhimanyu, Ugradṛṣṭi, Samaya, Shucishrava, Kevala, Vishvarupa, Supaksha, and also Madhuparka.

तुरीयो निर्हपुश्चैव युक्तो ग्रावाजिनस्तु ते। यमिनो विश्वदेवाद्यं यविष्ठोऽमृतवानपि ।। ३१.

Turiya, Nirhapu, Yukta, and Gravajin—these are the Yaminas, the foremost of the Vishvadevas; Yavishta and Amritavan as well.

अजिरो विभुर्विभावश्च मृलिकोऽथ दिदेहकः। श्रुतिश्रृणो बृहच्छुक्रो देवा द्वादश कीर्तिताः ।। ३१.

Ajira, Vibhu, Vibhava, Mrilika, Didehaka, Shruti, Shrina, Brihachshukra—these twelve gods are named.

आसन् स्वायम्भुवस्यैते अन्तरे सोमपायिनः। त्विषिमन्तो गणा ह्येते वीर्यवन्तो महाबलाः ।। ३१.

These were the Soma-drinking gods among the descendants of Svayambhuva; these groups, endowed with brilliance, were mighty and powerful.

तेषामिन्द्रः सदा ह्यासीद्विश्वभुक् प्रथमो विभुः। असुरा येतदा तेषामासन् दायादबान्धवाः ।। ३१.

Among them, Indra was always the lord, the first and all-pervading; at that time, the Asuras were their kinsmen and heirs.

सुपर्णयक्षगन्धर्वाः पिशाचोरगराक्षसाः। अष्टौ ते पितृभिः सार्द्धं नासत्या देवयोनयः ।। ३१.

Suparnas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Pisachas, Nagas, and Rakshasas—these eight, together with the Pitrs, are divine lineages called Nasatyas.

स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरेऽतीताः प्रजास्त्वासां सहस्रशः। प्रभावरूपसम्पन्ना आयुषा च बलेन च ।। ३१.

In the Svayambhuva interval, countless beings were born, endowed with splendor, form, longevity, and strength.

विस्तरादिह नोच्यन्ते मा प्रसङ्गो भवत्विह। स्वायम्भुवो निसर्गश्च विज्ञेयः साम्प्रतं मनुः ।। ३१.

Their details are not recounted here, lest the account become too lengthy; know that Svayambhuva and his creation are being described now.

अतीते वर्त्तमानेन दृष्टो वैवस्वतेन सः। प्रजाभिर्देवताभिश्च ऋषिभिः पितृभिः सह ।। ३१.

That past is seen by the present Vaivasvata, along with the peoples, gods, sages, and ancestors.

तेषां सप्तर्षयः पूर्वमासन्ये तान् निबोधत। भृग्वङ्गिरा मरीचिश्च पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः ।। ३१.

Among them, the seven sages of old were: Bhrigu, Angiras, Marichi, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu.

अत्रिश्चैव वसिष्ठश्च सप्त स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे। अग्नीध्रश्चातिबाहुश्च मेधा मेधातिथिर्वसुः ।। ३१.

And also Atri and Vasishtha—these seven in the Svayambhuva interval; Agnidhra, Atibahu, Medha, Medhatithi, and Vasu.

ज्योतिष्मान् द्युतिमान् हव्यः सवनः पुत्र एव च ३१.

Jyotishman, Dyutiman, Havya, Savana, and also Putra.

वायुप्रोक्ता महासत्त्वा राजानः प्रथमेऽन्तरे। सासुरन्तत्सगन्धर्वं सयक्षोरगराक्षसम्। सपिशाचमनुष्यञ्च सुपर्णाप्सरसाङ्गणम् ।। ३१.

The great-souled kings proclaimed by Vayu in the first interval included Asuras, Gandharvas, Yakshas, Nagas, Rakshasas, Pisachas, humans, Suparnas, Apsaras, and women.

नो शक्यमानुपूर्व्येण वक्तुं वर्षशतैरपि। बहुत्वान्नामधेयानां सङ्ख्या तेषां कुले तथा ।। ३१.

It is not possible to recount them all in order, even in hundreds of years, because of the multitude of their names and the number of their families.

या वै व्रजकुलाख्यास्तु आसन् स्वायम्बुवेऽन्तरे। कालेन बहुनातीता अयनाब्दयुगक्रमैः ।। ३१.

Those who were called the Vraja clans existed in the Svayambhuva interval, and with the passage of much time, through cycles of years and ages, they have passed away.

क एष भगवान् कालः सर्वभूतापहारकः। कस्य योनिः किमादिश्च किन्तत्त्वं स किमात्मजः ।। ३१.

Who is this revered Time, the taker of all beings? What is his origin, what is his beginning, what is his true nature, and whose offspring is he?

किमस्य चक्षुः का मूर्तिः के चास्यावयवाः स्मृताः। किंनामधेयः कोऽस्यात्मा एतत् प्रब्रूहि पृच्छताम् ।। ३१.

What is his eye, what is his form, what are said to be his limbs? What is his name, who is his self? Tell this to those who ask.

श्रूयतां कालसद्भावः श्रुत्वा चैवावधार्यताम्। सूर्ययोनिर्निमेषादिः सङ्ख्याचक्षुः स उच्यते ।। ३१.

Hear now the true nature of Time, and, having heard, understand it well: his origin is the Sun, his beginning is the blink of an eye; he is called the measurer, and his eye is reckoning.

मूर्त्तिरस्य त्वहोरात्रे निमेषावयवश्च सः। संवत्सरशतं त्वस्य नाम चास्य कलात्मकम्। साम्प्रतानागतातीतकालात्मा स प्रजापतिः ।। ३१.

His form is day and night; his limbs are the moments; his name is a hundred years, composed of divisions of time; he is the lord of beings, embodying present, future, and past.

पञ्चानां प्रविभक्तानां कालावस्थां निभोधत। दिनार्द्धमासमासैस्तु ऋतुभिस्त्वयनैस्तथा ।। ३१.

Now understand the fivefold divisions of time: by day, half-month, month, season, and by the movements of the sun.

संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः। इद्वत्सरस्तृतीयस्तु चतुर्थश्चानुवत्सरः ।। ३१.

The first is the year, the second is the parivatsara, the third is the idvatsara, and the fourth is the anuvatsara.

वत्सरः पञ्चमस्तेषां कालः स युगसंज्ञितः। तेषान्तु तत्त्वं वक्ष्यामि कीर्त्त्यमानं निबोधत ।। ३१.

The fifth among them is the vatsara; this time is known as a yuga. Now I will explain their true nature—listen as it is declared.

ऋतुरग्निस्तु यः प्रोक्तः स तु संवत्सरो मतः। आदित्ये यस्त्वसौ सारः कालाग्निः परिवत्सरः ।। ३१.

The fire of the seasons is called the year; the essence in the sun is the fire of time, known as the parivatsara.

शुक्लकृष्णा गतिश्चापि अपां सारमयः खगः। स इडावत्सरः सोमः पुराणे निश्चयो मतः ।। ३१.

The movement of waxing and waning, the bird made of the essence of waters, is the idvatsara; Soma is its determination in the Purāṇas.

यश्चायं तपते लोकांस्तनुभिः सप्तसप्तभिः। आशुकर्त्ता च लोकस्य सवायुरिति वत्सरः ।। ३१.

He who shines upon the worlds with his sevenfold rays, who swiftly acts for the world, is called Vatsara, the Sun and the Wind.

अहङ्कारात् रुदन् रुद्रः सद्भूतो ब्रह्मणस्त्रयः। स रुद्रो वत्सरस्तेषां विजज्ञे नीललोहितः। तेषां हि तत्त्वं वक्ष्यामि कीर्त्यमानं निबोधत ।। ३१.

From ego, crying, arose Rudra, truly existing from Brahmā; that Rudra, blue and red, became their Vatsara. Now I will declare their true nature—listen as it is spoken.

अङ्गप्रत्यङ्गसंयोगात् कालात्मा प्रपितामहः। ऋक्साम यजुषां योनिः पञ्चानां पतिरीश्वरः ।। ३१.

By the union of limbs and sub-limbs, the soul of time is the Grandfather; he is the source of Ṛk, Sāman, and Yajus, the lord and ruler of the five.

सोऽग्निर्यजुश्च सोमश्च स भूतः स प्रजापतिः। प्रोक्तः संवत्सरश्चेति सूर्यो योऽग्निर्मनीषिभिः ।। ३१.

He is Agni, Yajus, Soma, he is the being, he is Prajāpati; he is called the year, and the Sun, who is Agni, by the wise.

यस्मात् कालविभागानां मासर्त्वयनयोरपि। ग्रहनक्षत्रशीतोष्णवर्षायुःकर्मणां तथा। योजितः प्रविभागानां दिवसानाञ्च भास्करः ।। ३१.

Because of the divisions of time—months, seasons, and movements—of planets, stars, cold, heat, rain, life, and actions, the Sun is joined to the divisions of days.