Vayu Purana

काम्यनैमित्तिकाजस्रेष्वेते कर्मस्ववस्थिताः। पूर्वमन्वन्तरेऽतीते शुक्लैर्यामैः सुतैः सह। देवैर्महात्मभिः पुण्यैः प्रथमस्यान्तरे मनोः ।। २९.

Established in all desired, occasional, and perpetual rites, in the previous Manvantara, along with the sons of the white Yamas, with the virtuous and great-souled gods, in the first interval of Manu.

इत्येतानि मयोक्तानि स्थानानि स्थानिनश्च ह । तैरेव तु प्रसङ्ख्यातमतीतानागतेष्वपि ।। २९.

Thus these places and their lords have been described by me; by them alone, enumeration is made for both past and future.

मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु लक्षणं जातवेदसाम्। सर्वे तपस्विनो ह्येते सर्वे ह्यवभृथा स्तथा। प्रजानां पतयः सर्वे ज्योतिष्मन्तश्च ते स्मृताः ।। २९.

In all the Manvantaras, these are the characteristics of the Jātavedas; all are ascetics, all are Avabhṛtha fires, all are considered lords of beings and radiant.

स्वारोचिषादिषु ज्ञेयाः सावर्ण्यन्तेषु सप्तसु। मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु नानारूपप्रयोजनैः ।। २९.

In the seven Manvantaras, beginning with Svārociṣa and ending with Sāvarṇi, all are to be understood as having various forms and purposes.

वर्त्तन्ते वर्त्तमानैश्च देवैरिह सहाग्नयः। अनागतैः सुरैः सार्द्धं वर्त्तन्तेऽनागताग्नयः ।। २९.

Here, the fires exist together with the present gods; and with the future gods, the future fires will exist together.

इत्येष निनयोऽग्नीनां मया प्रोक्तो यथातथम्। विस्तरेणानुपूर्व्या च पितॄणां वक्ष्यते ततः ।। २९.

Thus, the arrangement of the fires has been explained by me as it truly is; next, the detailed succession of the ancestors will be described.

ब्रह्मणः सृजतः पुत्रान् पूर्वे स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे। अम्भांसि जज्ञिरे तानि मनुष्यासुरदेवताः ।। ३०.

In the earlier Svāyambhuva Manvantara, when Brahmā was creating his sons, the waters were born—those are humans, asuras, and gods.

पितृवन्मन्यमानस्य जज्ञिरे पितरोऽस्य वै। तेषान्निसर्गः प्रागुक्तो विस्तरस्तस्य वक्ष्यते ।। ३०.

When he considered himself as possessing ancestors, his ancestors were indeed born; their origin was previously stated, and its details will now be described.

देवासुरमनुष्याणां दृष्ट्वा देवोऽभ्यभाषत। पितृवन्मन्यमानस्य जज्ञिरे वोपयक्षिताः ।। ३०.

Seeing the gods, asuras, and humans, the god spoke: 'When he considered himself as possessing ancestors, those ancestors were indeed born and protected.'

मध्वादयः षडृतवस्तान् पितॄन् परिचक्षते। ऋतवः पितरो देवा इत्येषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः ।। ३०.

The six seasons, beginning with Madhu, are declared to be the ancestors; the seasons are the ancestors, the gods—this is the Vedic tradition.

मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु ह्यतीतानागतेष्वपि। एते स्वायम्भुवे पूर्वमुत्पन्ना ह्यन्तरे शुभे ।। ३०.

In all Manvantaras, both past and future, these were previously born in the auspicious Svāyambhuva interval.

अग्निष्वात्ताः स्मृता नाम्ना तथा बर्हिषदश्च वै। अयज्वानस्तथा तेषामासन् वै गृहमेधिनः। अग्निष्वात्ताः स्मृतास्ते वै पितरोऽनाहिताग्नयः ।। ३०.

Those called Agniṣvāttas by name, and likewise Barhiṣads, were householders who did not perform sacrifices; Agniṣvāttas are remembered as ancestors who did not maintain the sacred fire.

यज्वानस्तेषु ये ह्यासन् पितरः सोमपीथिनः। स्मृता बर्हिषदस्ते वै पितरस्त्वग्निहोत्रिणः। ऋतवः पितरो देवाः शास्त्रेऽस्मिन्निश्चयो मतः ।। ३०.

Among them, those ancestors who were sacrificers and drinkers of Soma are remembered as Barhiṣads, the ancestors who performed fire rituals; in this scripture, the seasons, ancestors, and gods are regarded as established.

मधुमाधवौ रसौ ज्ञेयौ शुचिशुक्रौ तु शुष्मिणौ। नभश्चैव नभस्तश्च जीवावेतावुदाहृतौ ।। ३०.

Madhu and Mādhava are to be known as the two sweet seasons; Śuci and Śukra are the two pure and radiant ones; Nabha and Nabhasya are the two living ones thus declared.

इषश्चैव तथोर्जश्च सुधावन्तावुदाहृतौ। सहश्चैव सहस्यश्च मन्युमन्तौ तु तौ स्मृतौ। तपश्चैव तपस्यश्च घोरावेतौ तु शैशिरौ ।। ३०.

Iṣa and Urja are the two nourishing ones thus declared; Saha and Sahasya are the two powerful ones thus remembered; Tapas and Tapasya are the two fierce and wintry ones.

कालावस्थास्तु षट् तेषाम्मासाख्या वै व्यवस्थिताः। त इमे ऋतवः प्रोक्ताश्चेतनाचेतनास्तु वै ।। ३०.

Their six temporal states are established as months; these are the seasons, both sentient and insentient.

ऋतवो ब्रह्मणः पुत्रा विज्ञेयास्तेऽभिमानिनः। मासार्द्धमासस्थानेषु स्थानञ्च ऋतवोर्त्तवाः ।। ३०.

The seasons are to be understood as the sons of Brahmā, and they are possessors of their own domains; the place of months and half-months is the domain of the seasons.

स्थानानां व्यतिरेकेण ज्ञेयाः स्थानाभिमानिनः। अहोरात्रञ्च मासाश्च ऋतवश्चायनानि च ।। ३०.

Apart from their domains, those who possess domains are to be known; day and night, months, seasons, and solstices as well.

संवत्सराश्च स्थानानि कालावस्थाभिमानिनः। निमेषाश्च कलाः काष्ठा मुहूर्त्ता वै दिनक्षपाः ।। ३०.

Years are domains, possessed by the states of time; moments, minutes, periods, hours, and day-night cycles.

एतेषु स्थानिनो ये तु कालावस्थास्ववस्थिताः। तन्मयत्वात्तदात्मानस्तान् वक्ष्यामि निबोधत ।। ३०.

Those who reside in these domains, established in the states of time, are of that nature and essence; I will explain them, listen attentively.

पर्व्वण्यास्तिथयः सन्ध्याः पक्षा मासार्द्धसंज्ञिताः। द्वावर्द्धमासौ मासस्तु द्वौ मासावृतुरुच्यते ।। ३०.

The phases of the lunar fortnight, the junctions, and the lunar days are called half-months; two half-months make a month, and two months are called a season.

ऋतुत्रयं चायनं द्वे अयने दक्षिणोत्तरे । संवत्सरः सुमेकस्तु स्थानान्येतानि स्थानिनाम् ।। ३०.

The three seasons, the year, the two solstices—southern and northern—these are the stations of those who abide in their places.

ऋतवः सुमेकपुत्रा विज्ञेया ह्यष्टधा तु षट्। ऋतुपुत्राः स्मृताः पञ्च प्रजास्त्वार्त्तवलक्षणाः ।। ३०.

The seasons are known as the sons of Sumeka, divided eightfold and sixfold; the sons of the seasons are said to be five, and the offspring are characterized by their functions.

यस्माच्चैवार्त्तवेयास्तु जायन्ते स्थाणुजङ्गमाः। आर्त्तवाः पितरश्चैव ऋतवश्च पितामहाः ।। ३०.

From these functions are born all stationary and moving beings; the functions are called the fathers, and the seasons are the grandfathers.

सुमेकात्तु प्रसूयन्ते म्रियन्ते च प्रजातयः। तस्मात् स्मृतः प्रजानां वै सुमेकः प्रपितामहः ।। ३०.

From Sumeka, the offspring are produced and also perish; therefore, Sumeka is remembered as the great-grandfather of all beings.

स्थानेषु स्थानिनो ह्येते स्थानात्मानः प्रकीर्तिताः। तदाख्यास्तन्मयत्वाच्च तदात्मनश्च ते स्मृताः ।। ३०.

These are the ones who abide in their stations, called the station-souled; because of their names and their nature, they are remembered as such.

प्रजापतिः स्मृतो यस्तु स तु संवत्सरो मतः। संवत्सरः स्मृतो ह्यग्निः ऋतमित्युच्यते द्वजैः ।। ३०.

He who is remembered as Prajapati is considered the year; the year is remembered as Agni, and the season is so called by the twice-born.

ऋतात्तु ऋतवो यस्माज्जज्ञिरे ऋतवस्ततः। मासाः षडृतवो ज्ञेयास्तेषां पञ्चार्त्तवाः सुताः ।। ३०.

From the season, the seasons are born; thus, from the seasons come the months. The six seasons should be known, and their five sons are the functions.

द्विपदाञ्चतुष्पदाञ्चैव पक्षिसंसर्पतामपि। स्थावराणां च पञ्चानां पुष्पं कालार्त्तवं स्मृतम् ।। ३०.

For bipeds, quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and the five stationary beings, the flowering of time and function is remembered.