Vayu Purana

ततस्तेषु प्रणष्टेषु विभ्रान्ता व्याकुलेन्द्रियाः। अभि ध्यायन्ति तां सिद्धिं सत्याभिध्यायिनस्तदा

Then, when those had perished, bewildered and with agitated senses, they intensely desired that attainment, those who truly aspired.

प्रादुर्बभूवुस्तासां च वृक्षास्ते गृहसंस्थिताः। वस्त्राणि च प्रसूयन्ते फलान्याभरणानि च

For them, those house-dwelling trees appeared again; and garments, fruits, and ornaments were produced.

तेष्वेव जायते तासां गंधवर्णरसान्वितम्। अमाक्षिकं महावीर्यं पुटके पुटके मधु

From those alone, for them, honey endowed with fragrance, color, and taste, of great potency, was generated in every cluster.

तेन ता वर्तयन्ति स्म मुखे त्रेतायुगस्य च। हृष्टतुष्टास्तया सिद्ध्या प्रजा वै विगतज्वराः

By that, they lived in the Tretā Yuga, delighted and content, the people, free from affliction, by means of that attainment.

पुनः कालांतरेणैव पुनर्ल्लोभावृतास्तु ताः। वृक्षांस्तान् पर्यगृह्णन्त मधु वा माक्षिकं बलात्

Again, after some time, overcome by greed, they seized those trees and honey or bee-honey by force.

तासां तेनापचारेण पुनर्ल्लोककृतेन वै। प्रणष्टा मधुना सार्द्धं कल्पवृक्षाः व्कचित् व्कचित्

Because of that transgression of theirs, again, caused by people, the wish-fulfilling trees, along with the honey, perished here and there.

तस्यामेवाल्पशिष्टायां संध्याकालवशात्तदा। प्रावर्तंत तदा तासां द्वंद्वान्यभ्युत्थितानि तु

When only a little remained of them at that time, due to the influence of twilight, pairs of opposites then arose among them.

शीतवातातपैस्तीव्रैस्ततस्ता दुःखिता भृशम्

Then, afflicted greatly by intense cold, wind, and heat, they suffered.

कृत्वा द्वंद्व प्रतीकारं निकेतानि हि भोजिरे। पूर्वं निकमिपारास्ते अनिकेताश्रया भृशम्

To counteract the pairs of opposites, they made dwellings; previously, they had mostly lived without fixed abodes.

यथायोग्यं यथाप्रीति निकेतेष्ववसन् पुनः। मरुधन्वसु निम्नेषु पर्वतेषु नदीषु च। संश्रयन्ति च दुर्गाणि धन्वानं शाश्वतोदकम्

According to suitability and preference, they dwelt again in dwellings—on plains, deserts, lowlands, mountains, and rivers; they also took refuge in fortresses and in deserts with perennial water.

यथायोगं यथाकामं समेषु विषमेषु च। आरब्धास्ते निकेता वै कर्त्तं शीतोष्ण वारणम्

As suited and as they wished, in level and uneven places, they began to make dwellings to ward off cold and heat.

ततः संस्थापयामास खेटानि च पुराणि च। ग्रामांश्चैव यथाभागं तथैवान्तः पुराणि च

Then they established hamlets and cities, and villages as appropriate, and likewise inner quarters.

तासामायामविष्कम्भान् संनिवेशान्तराणि च। चक्रुस्तदा यथाप्रज्ञं प्रदेशः संज्ञितस्तु तैः

They then determined the lengths, breadths, and intervals of settlements according to their understanding; the region was thus designated by them.

अंगुष्ठस्य प्रदेशिन्या व्यासः प्रादेश उच्यते। तालः स्मृतो मध्यमया गोकर्णश्चाप्यनामया

The breadth measured by the thumb and index finger is called a pradeśa; a tāla is measured by the middle finger, and a gokarṇa by the ring finger.

कनिष्ठया वितस्तिस्तु द्वादशाङुल उच्यते। रत्निरङ्गुलपर्व्वाणि संख्यया त्वेकविंशतिः

A vitasti is measured by the little finger, said to be twelve fingers in length; a ratni is counted as twenty-one finger-widths.

चतुर्विंशतिभिश्चैव हस्तः स्यादङ्गुलानि तु। किष्कुः स्मृतो द्विरत्निस्तु द्विचत्वारिंशदङ्गुलम्

A hand is said to measure twenty-four finger-breadths; a kiṣku is remembered as two ratnis, which is forty-four finger-breadths.

चतुर्हस्तं धनुर्दण्डो नालिकायुगमेव च। धनुः सहस्रे द्वे तत्र गव्यूतिस्तैर्विभाव्यते

A bow-staff and a pair of arrow-shafts are each four hands in length; two thousand bows thus define a gavyūti.

अष्टौ धनुःसहस्राणि योजनं तौर्निरुच्यते। एतेन योजनेनैव सन्निवेशस्ततः कृतः

Eight thousand bows make a yojana, it is said; with this yojana, the arrangement is then established.

चतुर्णामेव दुर्गाणां स्वसमुत्थानि त्रीणि तु। चतुर्थं कृत्रिमं दुर्गं तस्य वक्ष्याम्यहं विधिम्

Of the four types of forts, three arise naturally; the fourth is an artificial fort, and I shall explain its method.

सौधोच्चवप्रप्राकारं सर्वतश्चातकावृतम्। तदेकं स्वस्तिकद्वारं कुमारीपुरमेव च

With high mansions, moats, and ramparts, all around covered with reeds, that one has a single auspicious gate and is called Kumārīpura.

श्रोतसीसह तद्द्वारं निखातं पुनरेव च। हस्ताष्टौ च दश श्रेष्ठा नवाष्टौ वाऽपरे मताः

Its gate, along with a water channel, is again set below; eight or ten hands are considered best, while others think nine or eight.

खेटानां नगराणाञ्च ग्रामाणाञ्चैव सर्व्वशः। त्रिविधानाञ्च दुर्गाणां पर्व्व तोदकबन्धनम्

For forts, cities, and villages in every way, and for the three kinds of forts, the boundary is made by water or mountains.

त्रिविधानाञ्च दुर्गाणां विष्कम्भायाममेव च। योजनानाञ्च विष्कम्भमष्टभागार्द्धमायतम्

For the three kinds of forts, the breadth and length are as follows: the breadth is half of one-eighth of a yojana.

परमार्द्धार्द्धमायामं प्रगुदक्‌प्रवरं पुरम्। छिन्नकर्णं विकर्णन्तु व्यञ्जनं कृशसंस्थितम्

The city should have a length of half of the greatest half, with the best water to the east; it should not be with cut or deformed corners, nor irregular or slender in shape.

वृत्तं हीनञ्च दीर्घञ्च नगरं न प्रशस्यते। चतुरस्रार्जवं दिक्स्थं प्रशस्तंवै पुरं परम्

A city that is round, deficient, or elongated is not praised; a city that is square, straight, and aligned with the directions is considered excellent.

चतुर्विंशतिराद्यन्तु हस्तानष्टशतं परम्। अत्र मध्यं प्रशंसन्ति ह्रस्वोत्कृष्टविवर्ज्जितम्

The foremost measure is twenty-four, and the highest is eight hundred hands; among these, the middle is commended, avoiding what is too short or too long.

अथ किष्कुशतान्यष्टौ प्राहुर्मुख्यनिवेशनम्। नगरादर्धविष्कम्भं खेटं ग्रामं ततो बहिः

Eight hundred kiṣkus are said to be the chief settlement; half the city's breadth is the suburb, and the village is outside that.

नगराद्योजनं खेटं शेटाद्ग्रामोऽर्द्धयोजनम्। द्विक्रोशं परमा सीमा क्षेत्रसीमा चतुर्द्धनुः

From the city, the suburb is one yojana; from the suburb, the village is half a yojana; the utmost boundary is two krośas, and the field boundary is four bows.

विंशद्धनूंषि विस्तीर्णो दिशां मार्गस्तु तैः कृतः। विंशद्धनुर्ग्राममार्गः सीमामार्गो दशैव तु

The road in each direction is made twenty bows wide; the village road is twenty bows, and the boundary road is ten.