Vayu Purana

उभयोः सन्द्ययोश्चारं स्थानान्याजीवमेव च। गृहाणि यानि भग्नानि शून्यान्यल्पजनानि च ॥ ८.

At the junctions of day and night, their places and means of living are the houses that are broken, deserted, or sparsely inhabited.

विध्वस्तानि च यानि स्युरनाचारोषितानि च। असंस्पृष्टोप लिप्तानि संस्कारैर्वर्जितानि च ॥ ८.

And those dwellings that are ruined, inhabited by the impure, untouched or smeared with filth, and lacking in proper rites.

राजमार्गोपरथ्याश्च निष्कुण्ठाश्चत्वराणि च। द्वाराण्यष्टालकाश्चैव निर्ममान्संक्रमांस्तथा ॥ ८.

Along royal roads and side streets, at unclean crossroads, doorways, thresholds, and places where people cross without ownership.

पथो नद्योऽथ तीर्थानि चैत्यवृक्षान्महापथान् । पिशाचा विनिविष्टा वै स्थानेष्वेतेषु सर्वशः ॥ ८.

On roads, rivers, sacred fords, trees at shrines, and great highways—goblins are established in all these places.

अधार्मिका जनास्ते वै आजीवा विहिताः सुरैः। वर्णाश्रमाः सङ्करिकाः कारुशिल्पिजनास्तथा ॥ ८.

Those people who are unrighteous, whose livelihoods are prescribed by the gods—mixed castes, artisans, and craftsmen.

अमृतोपमसत्त्वानां चौरविश्वासघातिनाम्। एतैरन्यैश्च बहुबिरन्यायोपार्ज्जितैर्धनैः । आरभन्ते क्रिया यास्तु पिशाचास्तत्र देवताः ॥ ८.

Among those with vitality like nectar, thieves, betrayers of trust, and others who acquire wealth unjustly—wherever such acts are begun, there the goblins and spirits dwell.

मधुमांसौदनैर्दध्ना तिलचूर्णसुरासवैः। धूपैर्हारिद्रकृशरैस्तैलभद्रगुडौदनैः ॥ ८.

With honey, meat, rice, curds, sesame flour, spirituous liquors, incense, turmeric rice, oil, molasses, and rice cooked with jaggery.

कृष्णानि चैव वासांसि धूपाः सुमनसस्तथा। एवं युक्ताः सुबलयस्तेषां वै पर्वसन्धिषु। पिशाचानामनुज्ञाय ब्रह्मा सोऽधिपतिर्ददौ ॥ ८.

With black garments, incense, and flowers—thus equipped and strong, at the junctions of sacred days, Brahma granted them permission as their lord.

सर्वभूतपिशाचानां गिरिशं शूलपाणिनम् । दृष्ट्वा त्वजनयन्पुत्रान्व्याघ्रान्सिंहांश्च भामिनी ॥ ८.

For all beings and goblins, seeing Girisha, the wielder of the trident, he produced sons—tigers and lions, O beautiful one.

द्विपिनश्च सुतास्तस्या व्यालेयाश्चामिषाशिनः। ऋषयश्चापि कार्त्स्न्येन प्रजासर्गं निबोधत। तस्या दुहितरः पञ्च तासां नामानि मे श्रृणु ॥ ८.

He also had sons who were leopards, and serpents who eat flesh. Now, O sages, understand the creation of beings in its entirety. Hear the names of his five daughters.

मीना माता तथा वृत्ता परिवृत्ता तथैव च। अनुवृत्ता तु विज्ञेया तासां वै श्रृणुत प्रजाः ॥ ८.

Mina, Mata, Vrtta, Parivrtta, and Anuvrtta—these are known as his daughters; now hear of their offspring.

सहस्रदन्ता मकराः पाठीनास्तामरोहिताः। इत्येवमादिर्हि गणो मैनो विस्तीर्ण उच्यते ॥ ८.

The thousand-toothed crocodiles, the Pāṭhīnas, the Tamara, and the Rohitas—thus begins the extensive group called the Mainas.

ग्राहाश्चतुर्विधा ज्ञेयास्तथानुज्येष्ठका अपि। निष्कांश्च शिशुमारांश्च मता व्यजनयत्प्रजाः ॥ ८.

There are four kinds of crocodiles, as well as their younger and elder ones; the Nishkas and the Shishumaras are considered to have produced offspring.

वृत्ता कूर्मविकाराणि नैकानि जलचारिणाम्। तथा शङ्खविकाराणि जनयामास नैकशः ॥ ८.

Various forms of turtles and many kinds of aquatic creatures, as well as different forms of conches, were produced in manifold ways.

मण्डूकानां विकाराणि अनुवृत्ता व्यजायत। ऐणेयानां विकाराणि शम्बूकानां तथैव च ॥ ८.

The forms of frogs appeared in succession, as did the forms of fish, and likewise those of snails.

तथा शुक्तिविकाराणि वराटककृतानि च। तथा शङ्खविकाराणि परिवृत्ता व्यजायत ॥ ८.

Similarly, the forms of oysters and those made by crabs, as well as the various forms of conches, arose in turn.

कालकूटविकाराणि जलौकविहितानि च । इत्येष हि ऋषेर्वंशः पञ्चशाखाः प्रकीर्त्तिताः ॥ ८.

The forms of poisonous creatures and those produced by leeches also appeared; thus, the fivefold lineage of the sage has been described.

तिर्यगं हेतुकमाद्यादुर्बहुलं वंशविस्तरम्। संस्वेदजविकाराणि यथा येभ्यो भवन्ति ह ॥ ८.

The expansion of the lineage of animals born from sweat is extensive and arises from various causes, as is the case with the lower creatures.

स्वस्तिपिकशरीरेभ्यो जायन्त्युत्पादका द्विजाः। मनुष्याः स्वेदमलजाः उशना नाम जन्तवः। नानापिपीलिकगणाः कीटका बद्धपादकाः ॥ ८.

From the bodies of lizards are born twice-born creatures; humans arise from sweat and dirt, and beings called Uśanā, as well as various kinds of ants, insects, and those with fixed feet.

शङ्खोपलविकाराणि कीलकाचारकाणि च। इत्येवमादिबहुलाः स्वेदजाः पार्थिवा गणाः ॥ ८.

The forms of conches, stones, and those that move like pins, and many other such earth-born beings arising from sweat, are thus described.

तथा घर्मादितप्ताभ्यस्त्वद्भ्यो वृष्टिभ्य एव च। नैका मृगशरीरेभ्यो जायन्ते जन्तवस्त्विमे ॥ ८.

Likewise, from water heated by the sun and other sources, and from rain, various creatures are born from the bodies of animals.

मीनकाः पिप्पला दंशास्तथा तित्तिरपुत्रिकाः। नीलचित्राश्च जायन्ते ह्यलका बहुविस्तराः ॥ ८.

Fish, pippalā insects, mosquitoes, and the offspring of partridges, as well as many kinds of blue and variegated creatures, are born in the same way.

जलजाः स्वेदजाश्चैव जायन्ते जन्तवस्त्विमे। काशातो यञ्जकाः कीटनलदा बहुपादकाः ॥ ८.

These creatures, both aquatic and sweat-born, are produced; among them are reeds, gnats, cane-boring insects, and many-footed beings.

सिहला रोमलाश्चैव पिच्छलाः परिकीर्त्तिताः। इत्येमादिर्हि गणो जलजः स्वेदजः स्मृतः ॥ ८.

Sihalā, Romalā, and Picchalā are also mentioned; thus, this group of aquatic and sweat-born beings is remembered.

सर्पिर्भ्यो माषमुद्गानां जायन्ते क्रमशस्तथा। जम्बुबिल्वाम्रपूगेभ्यः फलेभ्यश्चैव जन्तवः ॥ ८.

From clarified butter, and from black gram and green gram, creatures are born in succession; likewise, from the fruits of jambu, bael, mango, and others, beings arise.

मुद्गेभ्यः पनसेभ्यश्च तण्डुलेभ्यस्तथैव च। तथा कोटरशुष्केभ्यो निहितेभ्यो भवन्ति हि ॥ ८.

From green gram, jackfruit, and also from rice, as well as from dry hollows and stored grains, creatures indeed come into being.

अन्येभ्योऽपि च जायन्ते न हि तेभ्यश्चिरं सदा। जन्तवस्तुरगादिभ्यो विषादिभ्यस्तथैव च ॥ ८.

Creatures are also born from other sources, but they do not remain there for long; beings arise from horses and other animals, and likewise from poisons.

बहून्यहानि निःक्षिप्ते सम्भवन्ति च गोमये। जायन्ते कृमयो विप्रा काष्ठेभ्यश्च घुणादयः ॥ ८.

When cow dung is left for many days, many are produced; worms are born, O sages, and in wood, insects such as borers arise.

क्रमाद्‌द्रुमाणां जायन्ते विविधा नीलमक्षिकाः। तथा शुष्कविकारेभ्यः पुत्रिकाः प्रभवन्ति च ॥ ८.

In succession, various blue flies are born from trees; likewise, from dry substances, offspring are produced.