In ancient times, the world was guided by illustrious sages and divine beings in each cycle of creation. Among the revered sages were Kāvya, Harṣa, Kāśyapa, Pṛthu, Ātreya, Agni, Jyotirdhāmā, and Bhārgava. During the Tāmasa interval, the sages Paulaha, Vanapīṭha, Gotra Vāsiṣṭha, Caitra, and Paulastya presided. Tāmasa Manu himself had sons—Januvaṇḍa, Śānti, Nara, Khyāti, Bhaya, Priyabhṛtya, Avakṣi, Pṛṣṭaloḍha, Dṛḍhodyata, Ṛta, and Ṛtabandhu—who carried forward his lineage. As the fifth cycle unfolded, in the era of Cāriṣṇava Manu, the groups of deities were described in detail. The Amṛtās, Bhābhūtarajas, Vikuṇṭhas, and Sasumedhas were the auspicious sons of Cariṣṇu, himself a son of Vasiṣṭha and a lord of creatures. Among them, there were fourteen and four radiant groups. Their names included Svatra, Vipregni, Bhāsa, Sva, Pratyeti, Sṭhāmṛta, Sumati, Vāvirāva, Vācinoda, and Sravas. Pravirāśī, Vāda, and Prāśa completed the count of fourteen—these gods, known as Amṛtābhās, were remembered in the Cāriṣṇava interval. Other notable names were Mati, Sumati, Ṛta, Satya, Āvṛti, Vivṛti, Mada, and Vinaya. Among the Bhābhūtarajas, Jetā, Jiṣṇu, Saha, Dyutimān, and Sravas were renowned. The Vikuṇṭhas were Vṛṣabhettā, Jaya, Bhīma, Śuci, Dānta, Yaśo, Dama, Nātha, Vidvān, Ajeya, Kṛśa, Gaura, and Dhruva. The Sumedhas included Medhā, Medhātithi, Satyamedhā, Pṛśrimedhā, Alpamedhā, Bhūyomedhā, and others, as well as Dīptimedhā, Yaśomedhā, Sthiramedhā, Sarvamedhā, Aśvamedhā, Pratimedhā, Medhāvān, and Medhahartā. During this era, Vibhu was their Indra, powerful in valor. Paulastya was known as Vedabāhu, and Kāśyapa was called Yajur. Hiraṇyaroma was Āṅgirasa, Vedaśrī was Bhārgava, Ūrddhvabāhu was Vāsiṣṭha, Parjanya was Paulaha, and Satyanetra was Ātreya—these sages guided the Raivata interval. The sons of Cariṣṇava, the fifth in sequence, were esteemed as pure, strong, unwavering, and devoted to the Purāṇa’s limbs. The four Manus—Svārociṣa, Uttama, Tāmasa, and Raivata—were of the lineage of Priyavrata. In the sixth cycle, during the Cākṣuṣa interval, five groups of gods were remembered: the first-born, those yet to be born, the Pṛthukas among the celestial beings, and the mighty Lekhās. This creation was spoken of in the names of the Mothers: the grandsons of Atri’s son, the progeny of Āraṇya, the lord of creatures, with each group containing eight gods. The first ones were Antarikṣa, Vasuhaya, Atithi, Priyavata, Śrotā, Mantā, and Sumantā. Among their offspring were Śyenabhadra, Paśya, Pathyanetra, Mahāyaśā, Sumanā, Suvetā, Raivata, Supracetasa, Dyuti, and Mahāsattva. The future gods included Vijaya, Sujaya, Manodyāna, Sumati, Supari, Vijñāta, and Arthapati. Among the Pṛthukas were Ajiṣṭa, Śākyana, Vānapṛṣṭha, Śāṅkara, Satyadhṛṣṇu, Viṣṇu, Vijaya, and the illustrious Ajita. The Lekhās were Manojava, Praghāsa, Pracetā, Mahāyaśā, Vāta, Dhruvakṣiti, Adbhuta the mighty, Avana, and Bṛhaspati. Among them, Manojava, of great strength, became Indra. Unnata, Bhārgava, and Haviṣmān, son of Aṅgiras, were prominent. Sudhāmā, Kāśyapa, Vāsiṣṭha, Viraja, Atimāna, Paulastya, Sahiṣṇu, Paulaha, Madhurā, and Treya belonged to the Cākṣuṣa interval. The sons of Manu in this cycle were Ūru, Pūru, Śatadyumna, Tapasvī, Satyavāk, Kṛti, Agniṣṭuda, Atirātra, Sudyumna, and Abhimanyu—the tenth, born of Nādvālī. These were the sons of Cākṣuṣa, the sixth Manu. The creation of Vaivasvata, the great soul, was described in detail and sequence. The heir of Cākṣuṣa was born in the lineage of Kaśyapa. Sūta then spoke: In the lineage of Cākṣuṣa, Pṛthu, son of Vena, was born, renowned for his prowess. Other lords of creatures were Dakṣa and Prācetasa. Atri, the lord of creatures, accepted Uttānapāda as his son. Daksha’s son became king of the progeny of Prajapati; Svayambhu Manu gave him to Atri for a specific purpose. When the future Manvantara of Cākṣuṣa arrives, it will be recounted in detail, with an introduction. From Uttānapāda, four daughters were born: Sūnṛtā, Vittabhāvinī, Adhidharma—the auspicious mother of Dhruva—and Śucismitā, radiant with purity, born from Lakṣmī, wife of Dharma. Uttānapāda begot Dhruva, Kīrttimanta, Ayasmanta, and Vasu, as well as two daughters, Śucismitā and Manasvinī; Svarā was also born, thus three sons are mentioned. Dhruva, powerful and resolute, practiced austerity for ten divine years without food, desiring great fame. In the first Treta Yuga, the grandson of Svāyambhuva, sustaining himself through yoga, sought exceedingly great renown. Pleased with his devotion, Brahmā granted Dhruva the highest place among the stars—a position free from rising and setting, delightful and beyond dissolution. Witnessing Dhruva's extraordinary prosperity and greatness, Uśanas, the teacher of the Daityas and Asuras, sang a verse in his honor.