स्वाध्यायवेदवेत्तृत्वं विष्णुपूजारतिः स्मृता
The knowledge of self-study and the Vedas, and devotion to the worship of Viṣṇu, are said to be such.
वेदनं नीतिशास्त्राणां हरभक्तिरुदाहृता
Understanding of the treatises on ethics and devotion to Hara are also cited.
स्वाध्यायं ब्रह्मविज्ञानं भक्तिर्द्वाभ्यामपि स्थिरा
Steadfastness in self-study and knowledge of Brahman is attained through both of these, as well as through devotion.
सरस्वत्यां स्थिरा भक्तिर्गान्धर्वो धर्म उच्यते
In Sarasvati, devotion is steadfast; the Gandharva path is said to be righteousness.
विद्याधराणां धर्मो ऽयं भवान्यां भक्तिरेव च
For the Vidyadharas, this is righteousness, and in Bhavani, it is solely devotion.
कौशल्यं सर्वशिल्पानां धर्मः किंपुरुषः स्मृतः
Skill in all crafts is considered the righteousness of the Kimpurushas.
सर्वत्र कामचारितवं धर्मो ऽयं पैतृकः स्मृतः
Everywhere, acting according to desire is regarded as the ancestral righteousness.
नियमाद्धर्मवेदित्वमार्थो धर्मः प्रचक्ष्यते
Through discipline, understanding of righteousness is attained; this is called the righteousness of Artha.
अकार्पण्यमनायासं दयाहिंसा क्षमा दमः
Non-miserliness, effortlessness, compassion, non-violence, forgiveness, and self-restraint—
शङ्करे भास्करे देव्यां धर्मो ऽयं मानवः स्मृतः
In Shankara, Bhaskara, and Devi, this is known as human righteousness.
अहङ्कारमशौण्डीर्यं धर्मो ऽयं गुह्यकेष्विति
Pride and lack of humility are said to be the righteousness among the Guhyakas.
स्वाध्यायं त्र्यम्बके भक्तिर्धर्मो ऽयं राक्षसः स्मृतः
Self-study and devotion to Tryambaka are considered the righteousness of the Rakshasas.
पिशाचानामयं धर्मः सदा चामिषगृध्नुता
For the Pisachas, this is righteousness: always being greedy for flesh.
ब्रह्मणा कथिताः पुण्या द्वादशैव गतिप्रदाः
These twelve meritorious paths, bestowing progress, were declared by Brahma.
तत्र ये मानवा धर्मास्तान् भूयो वक्तुमर्हथ
Among these, you ought to speak again of those human righteousnesses.
ये वसन्ति महीपृष्ठे नरा द्वीपेषु सप्तसु
Those men who dwell upon the earth, on the seven islands—
जलोपरि महीयं हि नौरिवास्ते सरिज्जले
Upon the waters, the earth indeed rests, like a boat upon a river.
कर्णिकाकारमत्युच्चं स्थापयामास सत्त्म
He established the abode, exceedingly high and shaped like a lotus core.
स्थानानि द्वीपसंज्ञानि कृतवांश्च प्रजापतिः
The Lord of creatures made the places known as islands.
तल्लक्षं योजनानां च प्रमाणेन निगद्यते
Their extent, measured in yojanas, is now described.
तस्यापि द्विगुणः प्लक्षो बाह्यतः संप्रतिष्ठितः
Outside of that is established the Plaksha continent, which is twice as large.
द्विगुणः शाल्मलिद्वीपो द्विगुणो ऽस्य महोदधेः
Beyond that, the Shalmali continent is twice as large as this great ocean.
घृतोदो द्विगुणश्चैव कुशद्वीपात् प्रकीर्तितः
The ocean of clarified butter is said to be twice the size of Kushadvipa.
ततो ऽपि द्विगुणः प्रोक्तः समुद्रो दधिसंज्ञितः
Beyond that is declared the ocean called 'curds,' which is twice as large.
एते च द्विगुणाः सर्वे परस्परमपि स्थिताः
All these are situated, each twice the size of the previous, one after another.
जम्बूद्वीपात् समारभ्य यावत्क्षीराब्धिरन्ततः
Beginning from Jambudvipa up to the Milk Ocean at the end,
कोट्यश्चतस्रो लक्षाणां द्विपञ्चाशच्च राक्षस
O Rakshasa, there are four crore and fifty-five lakhs in number.
लक्षमण्डकटाहेन समन्तादिभिपूरितम्
All around, it is filled up to the brim with a measure called 'laksha-manda-kataha.'
गदिष्यामस्तव वयं शृमुष्व त्वं निशाचर
We shall go there for you; listen, O night-wanderer.
शाकान्तेषु न तेष्वस्ति युगावस्था कथञ्चन
At the ends of the branches, there is never any change of ages among them.