Purity, both in the home and in one’s actions, is attained through careful and diligent practice. It begins with smearing, scraping, sprinkling, sweeping, and thoroughly cleaning the house; these acts bring about cleanliness. For purification, clay, water, ash, and alkali are to be used. Copper vessels and those used for washing are cleansed with ash and water, while other objects are purified by removing any unpleasant odor. There are unique rules for purity: a donkey is considered pure when it bears a load, and a dog is pure when it catches an animal. Objects baked in a kiln are purified simply by exposure to the wind. When impurity is suspected, the upper portion of the object should be removed and discarded; after sprinkling, the remainder is considered purified. However, when the impurity is unknown or only previously known, purification is not prescribed. After touching anything impure, or after bearing a corpse, one must bathe to restore cleanliness. Yet, purification can also be achieved by simple acts: sipping water, touching a cow, or gazing at the sun. Water used for washing feet, leftover food, feces, and urine should always be thrown outside the house. Bathing in sacred ponds, lakes adorned with lotuses, or flowing rivers is highly recommended. One should avoid conversing with persons hated by society, cowards, or women of ill repute. If contact or conversation does occur, purification is regained by looking at the sun. Those who are fallen, expelled, naked, or the lowest such as outcastes are described as impure, and their characteristics are worth knowing. Both the fallen and the expelled are called ‘sūtikā,’ and their food is considered impure. A person who neglects the worship of ancestors and gods is described as a eunuch. One who does not strive for the welfare of the next world is likened to a cat. If someone’s food is eaten, and he is called a rat, purification is achieved only with difficulty. One who always hates the virtues of others is referred to as a dog, and the gods call him a rooster; his food, too, is impure. If a person is not in distress, learned ones declare him fallen. He who kills a cow, a Brahmin, or a woman is called defiled. Such individuals are called naked by the virtuous, and their food is considered impure. Abandoning someone who has sought refuge marks a person as a cāṇḍāla, the lowest of men. Eating food from a pit requires the cāndrāyana expiation. After eating such food, or even the food of a miser, purification is achieved by fasting for three nights. Ritual cutting for any specific purpose should never be performed under any circumstances. When all relatives have died, as declared by the blessed Bhṛgu, the collection of bones should be done on the third, fourth, or seventh day. These rites must be performed with water by those who are purified and related by offering. The same rules apply for a child, a wanderer, one who has renounced, or one who has died in a distant land. In cases of miscarriage, the same rule applies as for a full-term birth. For Vaiśyas, the period of rites is six nights; for Śūdras, twelve days. Each class must perform their respective rites and duties in proper order. After a year, the rite of offering to the ancestors must be performed for the deceased by their relatives. One should act in accordance with the scriptures to please the departed, and do whatever brings joy and satisfaction to the ancestors, O Rākṣasa.