प्रोक्तोसावुपकुर्वाणो द्वितीयस्तत्र नैष्ठिकः
He is called an upakurvāṇa; the second, in that context, is called naiṣṭhika.
गृहाश्रमं समाश्रित्य यः पुनर्ब्रह्मचर्यभाक्
He who, after entering the householder stage, again undertakes the vow of brahmacharya,
अनाश्रमी न तिष्ठेत दिनमेकमपि द्विजः
A twice-born should not remain even for a single day without belonging to an āśrama.
जपं होमं व्रतं दानं स्वाध्यायं पितृतर्पणम्
Recitation, oblation, vow, gift, self-study, and offerings to the ancestors—
मेखलाजिनदंडाश्च लिंगं स्याद्ब्रह्मचारिणः
The girdle, the deer skin, and the staff are the marks of a brahmachārin.
त्रिदंडादि यतेरुक्तमुपलक्षणमत्र वै
The triple staff and other such items are prescribed as marks for a yati here.
जीर्णं कमंडलुं दंडमुपवीताजिने अपि
An old water pot, staff, sacred thread, or deer skin—
विदध्यात्षोडशे वर्षे केशांतकर्म च क्रमात् 4.1.36.
At the age of sixteen, one should perform the rite of cutting the hair, in due order.
तपो यज्ञ व्रतेभ्यश्च सर्वस्माच्छुभकर्मणः
Austerity, sacrifice, and vows are all auspicious acts.
वेदारंभे विसर्गे च विदध्यात्प्रणवं सदा
At the beginning and end of Vedic study, one should always utter the praṇava.
वेदस्य वदनं प्रोक्तं गायत्री त्रिपदा परा
The speech of the Veda is said to be the Gāyatrī, the supreme metre of three lines.
सहस्रं साधिकं किंचित्त्रिकमैतज्जपन्यमी
Its recitation is a little more than a thousand and three times.
अत्यब्दमिति योभ्यस्येत्प्रतिघस्रमनन्यधीः
Whoever, with undistracted mind, practices this for more than a year—
त्रिवर्णमयमोंकारं भूर्भुवःस्वरिति त्रयम्
The syllable Om, composed of three sounds, and the three—Bhūḥ, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ—
एतदक्षरमेनां च जपेद्व्याहृतिपूर्विकाम्
One should recite this syllable, preceded by the vyāhṛtis.
विधिक्रतोर्दशगुणं जपस्यफलमश्नुते
He attains ten times the fruit of recitation as prescribed by rule.
उपांशुस्तच्छतगुणः सहस्रो मानसस्ततः
Recitation in a low voice yields a hundred times that; mental recitation, a thousand times more.
अधीत्यवेदान्वेदौ वा वेदं वा शक्तितो द्विजः 4.1.36.
A twice-born who has studied the Vedas, or even a Veda, or as much as he is able—
श्रुतिमेव सदाभ्यस्येत्तपस्तप्तुं द्विजोत्तमः
The best of the twice-born should always practice recitation of the scripture to perform austerity.
हित्वा श्रुतेरध्ययनं योन्यत्पठितुमिच्छति
Whoever, abandoning the study of scripture, wishes to recite something else—
उपनीय च वै शिष्यं वेदमध्यापयेद्द्विजः
And having initiated a student, a twice-born should teach him the Veda.
योध्यापयेदेकदेशं श्रुतेरंगान्यथापि वा
He who teaches even a portion or the limbs of the scripture—
यथाविधि निषेकादि यः कर्म कुरुते द्विजः
A twice-born who performs rites from conception onwards according to rule—
अग्न्याधेयं पाकयज्ञानग्निष्टोमादिकान्मखान्
The establishment of the sacred fire, domestic sacrifices, and great sacrifices such as Agniṣṭoma—
उपाध्यायाद्दशाचार्य आचार्यात्तु शतं पिता
From the sub-teacher, tenfold; from the teacher, a hundredfold; from the father—
विप्राणां ज्ञानतो ज्यैष्ठ्यं बाहुजानां तु वीर्यतः
Among Brāhmaṇas, seniority is by knowledge; among warriors, by strength.
स्वप्ने सिक्त्वा ब्रह्मचारी द्विजः शुक्रमकामतः 4.1.36.
If, in a dream, a celibate twice-born involuntarily emits semen—
स्वधर्मनिरतानां च वेदयज्ञक्रियावताम्
Of those devoted to their own duty, and engaged in Vedic study and sacrifice—
अकृत्वा भैक्ष्यचरणमसमिध्य हुताशनम्
Without performing alms-begging and without kindling the sacrificial fire,
यथेष्टचेष्टो नभवेद्गुरोर्नयनगोचरे
One should not act as one pleases when within the sight of the teacher.