गंगायां माघमासे तु तथाकुंभगते रवौ श्राद्धं वा पिंडदानं वा तिलोदकमथापिवा
In the month of Māgha, when the sun enters Aquarius, performing śrāddha, offering piṇḍa, or pouring water mixed with sesame in the Gaṅgā, is prescribed.
वंशद्वयपित्ःणां च कुलकोट्युद्धरं विदुः कृष्णवेण्यां प्रशंसंति मीनगे च गुरौ रवौ
Such acts are known to uplift countless generations of ancestors; they are praised at Kṛṣṇaveṇī, especially when the sun is in Pisces.
तत्तत्तीर्थे च तन्मासि स्नानमिंद्रपदप्रदम् गंगां वा सह्यजां वापि समाश्रित्य वसेद्बुधः
Bathing at each sacred site during its designated month grants the status of Indra; the wise should reside near the Gaṅgā or the Sahyā-born rivers.
तत्कालकृतपापस्य क्षयो भवति निश्चितम् रुद्रलोकप्रदान्येव संति क्षेत्राण्यनेकशः
At that time, the destruction of sins committed is certain; there are many fields that bestow the world of Rudra.
ताम्रपर्णी वेगवती ब्रह्मलोकफलप्रदे तयोस्तीरे हि संत्येव क्षेत्राणि स्वर्गदानि च
Tāmraparṇī and Vegavatī grant the fruit of Brahma's world; on their banks, there are indeed fields that bestow heaven.
संति क्षेत्राणि तन्मध्ये पुण्यदानि च भूरिशः तत्र तत्र वसन्प्राज्ञस्तादृशं च फलं लभेत्
Among them, there are many fields that grant merit; the wise, dwelling at each, obtain the corresponding fruit.
सदाचारेण सद्वृत्त्या सदा भावनयापि च वसेद्दयालुः प्राज्ञो वै नान्यथा तत्फलं लभेत्
By constant good conduct, virtuous behavior, and continual contemplation, the wise and compassionate should reside; otherwise, the fruit is not attained.
पुण्यक्षेत्रे कृतं पुण्यं बहुधा ऋद्धिमृच्छति पुण्यक्षेत्रे कृतं पापं महदण्वपि जायते
Merit performed in a sacred field yields abundant prosperity; sin committed in a sacred field becomes greatly magnified.
तत्कालं जीवनार्थश्चेत्पुण्येन क्षयमेष्यति पुण्यमैश्वर्यदं प्राहुः कायिकं वाचिकं तथा
If, at that time, one seeks life through merit, destruction will come; merit is said to grant prosperity, whether physical or verbal.
मानसं च तथा पापं तादृशं नाशयेद्द्विजाः मानसं वज्रलेपं तु कल्पकल्पानुगं तथा
Mental sin, likewise, is destroyed by the twice-born; mental sin, like a diamond coating, persists for aeons.
ध्यानादेव हि तन्नश्येन्नान्यथा नाशमृच्छति वाचिकं जपजालेन कायिकं कायशोषणात्
Only through meditation does it perish; otherwise, it does not meet destruction. Verbal sin is destroyed by recitation, bodily sin by bodily austerity.
दानाद्धनकृतं नश्येन्ना ऽन्यथाकल्पकोटिभिः क्वचित्पापेन पुण्यं च वृद्धिपूर्वेण नश्यति
Sin caused by wealth is destroyed by giving; otherwise, even after countless aeons, it remains. Sometimes, merit is destroyed by prior sin.
बीजांशश्चैव वृद्ध्यंशो भोगांशः पुण्यपापयोः ज्ञाननाश्यो हि बीजांशो वृद्धिरुक्तप्रकारतः
The seed, growth, and enjoyment portions belong to merit and sin; the seed portion is destroyed by knowledge, growth as previously described.
भोजांशो भोगनाश्यस्तु नान्यथा पुण्यकोटिभिः बीजप्ररोहे नष्टे तु शेषो भोगाय कल्पते
The enjoyment portion is destroyed by enjoyment, not otherwise, even by countless merits. When the seed is destroyed, the remainder is for enjoyment.
देवानां पूजया चैव ब्रह्मणानां च दानतः तपोधिक्याच्च कालेन भोगः सह्यो भवेन्नृणाम् तस्मात्पापमकृत्वैव वस्तव्यंस्सुखमिच्छता
Through worship of the gods, gifts to Brahmins, and increased austerity over time, enjoyment is achieved for men; therefore, one desiring happiness should live without committing sin.
सदाचारं श्रावयाशु येन लोकाञ्जयेद्बुधः धर्माधर्ममयान्ब्रूहि स्वर्गनारकदांस्तथा
Quickly teach good conduct, by which the wise conquer the world. Speak of acts containing dharma and adharma, which grant heaven or hell.
सदाचारयुतो विद्वान्ब्राह्मणो नाम नामतः वेदाचारयुतो विप्रो ह्येतैरेकैकवान्द्विजः
A learned one endowed with good conduct is called a brāhmaṇa by name; one versed in the Vedas is a vipra, and each of these is a twice-born.
अल्पाचारोल्पवेदश्च क्षत्रियो राजसेवकः किंचिदाचारवान्वैश्यः कृषिवाणिज्यकृत्तया
One with little conduct and little Vedic knowledge is a kṣatriya, a servant of kings; one with some conduct is a vaiśya, engaged in agriculture and trade.
शूद्रब्राह्मण इत्युक्तः स्वयमेव हि कर्षकः असूयालुः परद्रोही चंडालद्विज उच्यते
He who is called a Śūdra or a Brāhmaṇa is in fact a cultivator; one who is envious, who harms others, is called a Caṇḍāla or a twice-born.
पृथिवीपालको राजा इतरेक्षत्रिया मताः धान्यादिक्रयवान्वैश्य इतरो वणिगुच्यते
The king who protects the earth is considered a Kṣatriya; one who sells grain and such is called a Vaiśya, and another is called a merchant.
ब्रह्मक्षत्रियवैश्यानां शुश्रूषुः शूद्र उच्यते कर्षको वृषलो ज्ञेय इतरे चैव दस्यवः
The one who serves Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas is called a Śūdra; the cultivator is known as a Vṛṣala, and the others are indeed called Dasyus.
सर्वो ह्युषःप्राचीमुखश्चिन्तयेद्देवपूर्वकान् धर्मानर्थांश्च तत्क्लेशानायं च व्ययमेव च
At dawn, facing east, one should contemplate the duties ordained by the gods, the means of livelihood, the hardships involved, and the expenditure as well.
आयुर्द्वेषश्च मरणं पापं भाग्यं तथैव च व्याधिः पुष्टिस्तथा शक्तिः प्रातरुत्थानदिक्फलम्
One should reflect on lifespan, enmity, death, sin, fortune, disease, nourishment, strength, and the results of rising in the morning.
निशांत्यायामोषा ज्ञेया यामार्धं संधिरुच्यते तत्काले तु समुत्थाय विण्मूत्रे विसृजेद्द्विजः
The end of night is called dawn; half a yāma is called the junction. At that time, having arisen, a twice-born should void urine and feces.
गृहाद्दूरं ततो गत्वा बाह्यतः प्रवृतस्तथा उदङ्मुखः समाविश्य प्रतिबंधे ऽन्यदिङ्मुखः
Going far from the house, in an external place, one should enter facing north; if obstructed, one may face another direction.
जलाग्निब्राह्मणादीनां देवानां नाभिमुख्यतः लिंगं पिधाय वामेन मुखमन्येन पाणिना
One should not face water, fire, Brāhmaṇas, or the gods; covering the organ with the left hand, and the mouth with the other hand.
मलमुत्सृज्य चोत्थाय न पश्येच्चैव तन्मलम् उद्धृतेन जलेनैव शौचं कुर्याज्जलाद्बहिः
Having voided excrement, one should rise and not look at that filth; with water taken up, one should cleanse oneself outside the water.
अथवा देवपित्रार्षतीर्थावतरणं विना सप्त वा पञ्च वा त्रीन्वा गुदं संशोधयेन्मृदा
Alternatively, without descending into a sacred place of gods, ancestors, or seers, one should cleanse the anus with earth seven, five, or three times.
लिंगे कर्कोटमात्रं तु गुदे प्रसृतिरिष्यते तत उत्थाय पद्धस्तशौचं गण्डूषमष्टकम्
The measure for cleansing the organ is the size of a karkoṭa; for the anus, thorough cleansing is prescribed. Then, rising, one should wash the hands and rinse the mouth eight times.
येन केन च पत्रेण काष्ठेन च जलाद्बहिः कार्यं संत्यज्य तर्जनीं दंतधावनमीरितम्
With any vessel or with wood, outside the water, one should clean, avoiding the index finger; cleaning the teeth is prescribed.