पुलस्त्य उवाच। नरैः स्त्रीभिश्च वस्तव्यं वर्णाश्रमनिवासिभिः। स्वधर्माचारनिरतैर्दंभमोहविवर्जितैः
Pulastya said: Men and women, and those established in the social orders and stages of life, should reside there, devoted to their own duties and conduct, free from hypocrisy and delusion.
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्मभक्तैर्जितेंद्रियैः। अनसूयुभिरक्षुद्रैः सर्वभूतहिते रतैः
With actions, mind, and speech, devoted to Brahman, with senses subdued, free from envy and pettiness, intent on the welfare of all beings.
भीष्म उवाच। किं कुर्वाणो नरः कर्म ब्रह्मभक्तस्त्विहोच्यते। कीदृशा ब्रह्मभक्ताश्च स्मृता नॄणां वदस्व मे
Bhīṣma said: By performing what actions is a man called a devotee of Brahman here? And what kind of devotees of Brahman are spoken of among men? Tell me this.
पुलस्त्य उवाच। त्रिविधा भक्तिरुद्दिष्टा मनोवाक्कायसंभवा। लौकिकी वैदिकी चापि भवेदाध्यात्मिकी तथा
Pulastya said: Threefold devotion is described, arising from mind, speech, and body; it may be worldly, Vedic, or spiritual.
ध्यानधारणया बुद्ध्या वेदार्थस्मरणे हि यत्। ब्रह्मप्रीतिकरी चैषा मानसी भक्तिरुच्यते
That which is performed by meditation, concentration, intellect, and recollection of the meaning of the Vedas, and which brings delight to Brahman, is called mental devotion.
मंत्रवेदनमस्कारैरग्निश्राद्धादिचिंतनैः। जाप्यैश्चावश्यकैश्चैव वाचिकी भक्तिरिष्यते
By recitation of mantras, Vedic hymns, salutations, meditations on fire and ancestral rites, and obligatory chants, this is considered verbal devotion.
व्रतोपवासनियतैश्चितेंद्रियनिरोधिभिः। भूषणैर्हेमरत्नाढ्यैस्तथा चांद्रायणादिभिः
By vows, fasts, observances, restraint of the senses, adorning with ornaments rich in gold and jewels, and also by lunar fasts and similar practices,
ब्रह्मकृच्छ्रोपवासैश्च तथाचान्यैः शुभव्रतैः। कायिकीभक्तिराख्याता त्रिविधा तु द्विजन्मनाम्
By Brahmakṛcchra fasts and other auspicious vows, bodily devotion is declared; this threefold devotion pertains to the twice-born.
गोघृतक्षीरदधिभिः रत्नदीपकुशोदकैः। गंधैर्माल्यैश्च विविधैर्धातुभिश्चोपपादितैः
With offerings of cow's ghee, milk, curds, jewels, lamps, sacred grass, water, various fragrances and garlands, and substances prepared from metals,
घृतगुग्गुलुधूपैश्च कृष्णागरुसुगंधिभिः। भूषणैर्हेमरत्नाढ्यैश्चित्राभिः स्रग्भिरेव च
With clarified butter, incense of guggulu, fragrant black aloe, ornaments adorned with gold and jewels, and with splendid garlands as well,
नृत्यवादित्रगीतैश्च सर्वरत्नोपहारकैः। भक्ष्यभोज्यान्नपानैश्च या पूजा क्रियते नरैः
With dance, instrumental music, singing, all kinds of precious gifts, and with offerings of food, drink, and eatables—such worship is performed by men.
पितामहं समुद्दिश्य भक्तिस्सा लौकिकी मता। वेदमंत्रहविर्योगैर्भक्तिर्या वैदिकी मता
When performed in honor of the Grandfather (Brahmā), that devotion is considered worldly; the devotion that is performed with Vedic mantras and oblations is considered Vedic.
दर्शे वा पौर्णमास्यां वा कर्तव्यमग्निहोत्रकम्। प्रशस्तं दक्षिणादानं पुरोडाशं चरुक्रिया
On the new moon or full moon, the agnihotra should be performed; giving of gifts is praised, as are offerings of cakes and the preparation of caru (rice dish).
इष्टिर्धृतिः सोमपानां यज्ञीयं कर्म सर्वशः। ऋग्यजुःसामजाप्यानि संहिताध्ययनानि च
Sacrifices, firmness, the drinking of soma, all sacrificial acts, recitation of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Sāma Vedas, and study of the Saṃhitās,
क्रियंते विधिमुद्दिश्य सा भक्तिर्वैदिकीष्यते। अग्नि भूम्यनिलाकाशांबुनिशाकरभास्करम्
These are performed according to prescribed rules; this is considered Vedic devotion. Worship directed to fire, earth, wind, space, water, the moon, and the sun,
समुद्दिश्य कृतं कर्म तत्सर्वं ब्रह्मदैवतम्। आध्यात्मिकी तु द्विविधा ब्रह्मभक्तिः स्थिता नृप
All acts performed with these as the focus are considered to have Brahman as their deity. But spiritual devotion to Brahman, O King, is said to be of two kinds.
संख्याख्या योगजा चान्या विभागं तत्र मे शृणु। चतुर्विंशतितत्वानि प्रधानादीनि संख्यया
There is another system called Sāṃkhya, arising from Yoga; listen to its classification from me. The twenty-four principles, beginning with Pradhāna, are enumerated by Sāṃkhya.
अचेतनानि भोग्यानि पुरुषः पंचविंशकः। चेतनः पुरुषो भोक्ता न कर्ता तस्य कर्मणः
They are insentient and objects of enjoyment; the Purusha is the twenty-fifth. The Purusha is sentient, the experiencer, not the agent of action.
आत्मा नित्योऽव्ययश्चैव अधिष्ठाता प्रयोजकः। अव्यक्तः पुरुषो नित्यः कारणं च पितामहः
The self is eternal and imperishable, the presiding cause and instigator. The Purusha is unmanifest, eternal, the cause and the grandfather.
तत्वसर्गो भावसर्गो भूतसर्गश्च तत्त्वतः। संख्यया परिसंख्याय प्रधानं च गुणात्मकम्
The creation of principles, the creation of states, and the creation of elements are, in truth, according to Sāṃkhya enumeration; Pradhāna is composed of qualities.
साधर्म्यमानमैश्वर्यं प्रधानं च विधर्मि च। कारणत्वं च ब्रह्मत्वं काम्यत्वमिदमुच्यते
Similarity, lordship, Pradhāna, and difference, causality, Brahmanhood, and desirability—these are said to be so.
प्रयोज्यत्वं प्रधानस्य वैधर्म्यमिदमुच्यते। सर्वत्रकर्तृस्यद्ब्रह्मपुरुषस्याप्यकर्तृता
The capacity to be made use of by Pradhāna is called its difference; everywhere, Brahma-Purusha is the agent, yet also non-agent.
चेतनत्वं प्रधाने च साधर्म्यमिदमुच्यते। तत्वांतरं च तत्वानां कर्मकारणमेव च
Sentience in Pradhāna is called similarity; the distinction among principles and their causes of action as well.
प्रयोजनं च नैयोज्यमैश्वर्यं तत्वसंख्यया। संख्यास्तीत्युच्यते प्राज्ञैर्विनिश्चित्यार्थचिंतकैः
Purpose, non-purpose, lordship—by enumeration of principles; Sāṃkhya is thus declared by the wise, who have determined the meaning.
इति तत्वस्य संभारं तत्वसंख्या च तत्वतः। ब्रह्मतत्वाधिकं चापि श्रुत्वा तत्वं विदुर्बुधाः
Thus is the collection of principles and their enumeration; having heard of the superiority of Brahman-principle, the wise know the truth.
सांख्यकृद्भक्तिरेषा च सद्भिराध्यात्मिकी कृता। योगजामपि भक्तानां शृणु भक्तिं पितामहे
This devotion of the Sāṃkhya-makers is established by the virtuous as spiritual; now hear also the devotion arising from Yoga, O Pitāmaha.
प्राणायामपरो नित्यं ध्यानवान्नियतेंद्रियः। भैक्ष्यभक्षी व्रती वापि सर्वप्रत्याहृतेंद्रियः
One devoted to breath-control, always meditative, with restrained senses, eating alms, observing vows, with all senses withdrawn.
धारणं हृदये कुर्याद्ध्यायमानः प्रजेश्वरम्। हृत्पद्मकर्णिकासीनं रक्तवक्त्रं सुलोचनम्
He should perform concentration in the heart, meditating on the Lord of creatures, seated in the lotus of the heart, with red face and beautiful eyes.
परितो द्योतितमुखं ब्रह्मसूत्रकटीतटम्। चतुर्वक्त्रं चतुर्बाहुं वरदाभयहस्तकम्
His face shines all around, his waist adorned with a Brahma-thread, four-faced, four-armed, with hands granting boons and fearlessness.
योगजा मानसी सिद्धिर्ब्रह्मभक्तिः परा स्मृता। य एवं भक्तिमान्देवे ब्रह्मभक्तः स उच्यते
The perfection arising from Yoga is called supreme devotion to Brahman; whoever possesses such devotion to the deity is called a devotee of Brahman.