तत्र व्यतिक्रमे हेतावमायां क्रियते तु तत् । यथोत्तरदिनेष्वेव कर्तव्यं यद्यविघ्नतः
If there is a reason for delay, the rite is performed on a later day; otherwise, it should be done on the subsequent days, provided there is no hindrance.
कृष्णपक्षे त्वमायां तु कर्तव्यं राम नो कृतम् । मृताहस्य यदा मासो न ज्ञायेत कथंचन
But, O Rāma, if there is an obstacle in the dark fortnight, it should be performed; if the month of the death is not known in any way—
मार्गशीर्षेऽथवा माघे श्राद्धं तद्दिवसे स्मृतम् । यदा तु वासराज्ञानं मासस्य ज्ञानमेव च
Then, in Mārgaśīrṣa or Māgha, the śrāddha is to be observed on that day; but when the day is known, as well as the month—
अमायामेव तन्मासे श्राद्धं सांवत्सरं भवेत् । दिनमासापरिज्ञाने प्रोषितस्य मृतस्य च
Then, on the new moon day of that month, the annual śrāddha should be performed; if the day and month are not known for one who died away from home or for the deceased—
तत्तिथ्यां तद्दिनं ग्राह्यं तत्र ज्ञानं यदा भवेत् । आश्विनामा च मार्गामा माघामा च दिनत्रयम्
On that tithi, that day should be taken, whenever knowledge of it arises; the three days are: Āśvina new moon, Mārgaśīrṣa new moon, and Māgha new moon.
तत्र वान्यतमं ग्राह्यं दिनमासाप्रतीतितः । वृद्धिसप्तमसीमंत प्रेतश्राद्धानुमासिकम्
Among them, any one day may be chosen when the day and month are uncertain; the rites of increase, the seventh-day, the boundary, the funeral śrāddha, and the monthly rite—
नित्योदकुंभश्राद्धं च मासे स्युरधिकेऽपि च । ग्रहणे पुत्रजन्मादौ कर्मण्यपि च शांतिके
The perpetual water-pot śrāddha also, and even if the month is extra; at the time of an eclipse, the birth of a son, or in rites for appeasement—
संकल्पिते च सर्वस्मिन्नधिमासो न दुष्यति । रोगी यदा मनुष्यः स्याच्छ्राद्धकर्मण्युपस्थिते
In all these cases, if the extra month is determined, it is not faulty; when a person is ill at the time for the śrāddha rite—
भार्यां वा भ्रातरं वापि शिष्यं वापि नियोजयेत् । तस्याभावे न हानिः स्यात्कर्मणः श्राद्धसंज्ञिनः
He should appoint his wife, or brother, or even a disciple; if none of these are available, there is no loss of the rite called śrāddha.
नित्यश्राद्धे यथाशक्ति भोक्तारं तु नियोजयेत् । अमावास्या मासिकं च मृताह व्यतिरेकि यत्
In the daily śrāddha, one should appoint an eater according to ability; the monthly and amāvāsyā śrāddha, and the additional one for the day of death—
स्वयं कर्मण्यशक्तश्चेत्सुतं विप्रं नियोजयेत् । राजकार्यनियुक्तस्य दासग्रहणवर्तिनः
If one is personally unable to perform the rite, one should appoint a son or a Brāhmaṇa; for one engaged in royal service or in the house of a master—
व्यसनेषु समस्तेषु श्राद्धं विप्रेण कारयेत् । प्रातःकाले तु न श्राद्धं प्रकुर्वंति द्विजोत्तमाः
In all such adversities, the śrāddha should be performed by a Brāhmaṇa; but the best of twice-born do not perform śrāddha in the morning.
नैमित्तिकेषु श्राद्धेषु न कालनियमः स्मृतः
For occasional śrāddhas, there is no fixed time prescribed.
गृहादिव्यतिरिक्तस्य प्रक्रमः कुतुपः स्मृतः । कुतुपादथवाप्यर्वागासन्नकुतुपो भवेत्
Except for those performed at home and similar, the proper time is called kutupa; or it may be performed a little before or after kutupa.
मासेमासे यथाश्राद्धेऽपराह्णस्पृग्विधीयते । अपराह्णव्यापिनी स्यादुभयत्र यदा त्वमा
For monthly śrāddhas, the prescribed time is the afternoon; when the new moon extends into both, it applies to both cases.
क्षये पूर्वा तु कर्तव्या वृद्धौ साम्ये परा स्मृता । अमावास्या तु या हि स्यादपराह्णद्वये समा
When it decreases, it should be done earlier; when it increases or is equal, the later time is prescribed; but if the new moon falls equally on two afternoons—
क्षये पूर्वा परा वृद्धौ साम्येऽपि च परा भवेत् । क्षीणस्तु चंद्रमा यत्र तत्र श्राद्धं तु पार्वणम्
When the moon is waning, the earlier tithi prevails; when waxing, the later tithi prevails; even if they are equal, the later prevails. Wherever the moon is diminished, there the Parvaṇa Śrāddha should be performed.
अमाष्टभागे सूक्ष्मोऽसौ भूताष्टांशे स नास्ति चेत् । मध्याह्नव्यापिनी सा स्यादेकोद्दिष्टे तिथिर्भवेत्
If, at the eighth part of the new moon, only a subtle portion remains, and at the eighth part of the waxing phase it is absent, then the tithi that extends into midday is considered for the Ekoddiṣṭa rite.
सायाह्नव्यापिनी या स्यात्पार्वणे सा तिथिर्भवेत् । अल्पापराह्णगा यामा ग्राह्या श्राद्धादिके भवेत्
The tithi that extends into the evening is considered for Parvaṇa; those that last only a short time in the afternoon are acceptable for Śrāddha and similar rites.
मृताहे त्रिमुहूर्ता च सायंकाले तिथिर्भवेत् । परेह्यस्तंगता यत्र त्रिमुहूर्तं तु पूर्ववत्
On the day of death, if the tithi lasts for three muhūrtas in the evening, it is considered valid; if it sets after that, then for three muhūrtas, it is as before.
तत्रापरेद्युः श्राद्धं स्याज्ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य नाशनम् । अमाश्राद्धं यथा कुर्यान्मृताहे समुपस्थिते
In that case, the Śrāddha should be performed on the next day; otherwise, it brings destruction to the eldest son. The Amā Śrāddha should be performed as prescribed when the day of death arrives.
मध्याह्नव्यापिनी तत्र ह्य द्विजस्य विधीयते । राम उवाच- श्राद्धक्रममशेषेण मर्त्यकर्मक्रमं तथा
If the tithi extends into midday, then for a twice-born person, that is prescribed. Rāma said: Please explain in full the order of Śrāddha and the sequence of rites for mortals.
प्रासंगिकानां धर्माणां निर्णयं वक्तुमर्हसि । शंभुरुवाच- श्राद्धस्य दिवसे प्राप्ते पूर्वेद्युर्नियमान्वितः
You should declare the decision regarding the incidental duties. Śambhu said: When the day for Śrāddha arrives, on the previous day, one should, with proper observance,
निमंत्रयीत विप्रेंद्रान्विप्रलक्षणसंयुतान् । एकभुक्तं ब्रह्मचर्यमंत्यजाद्यैरभाषणम्
invite eminent Brāhmaṇas who possess the marks of a Brāhmaṇa; observe single-meal fasting, celibacy, and avoid speaking with outcastes and the like.
दंतधावनमभ्यंग नखकेशनिकृंतनम् । कर्ता कुर्वीत पूर्वेद्युस्त्यक्त्वा चैव परेऽहनि
On the previous day, one should brush the teeth, bathe, and trim nails and hair; these should be done, abandoning them on the following day.
गृह्णीतनियमानुक्तान्सर्वमेतत्परित्यजेत् । त्रिकालं चैव पूजा चेत्प्रातर्देवं यजेत्स्वकम्
One should observe all the prescribed disciplines, but on the Śrāddha day, all these should be abandoned. If one worships thrice daily, then in the morning, one should worship one's chosen deity.
अरुणोदयवेलायां करोति यदि पूजनम् । अधःशायी तथा भूतः प्रातरुत्थाय कर्मवित्
If one performs worship at the time of dawn, lying on the ground, then, having risen in the morning, the knower of rites
प्रातस्त्यमपि यत्कर्म तत्कृत्वा स्नानपूर्वकम् । ऋणत्रयविनिर्मुक्तो यास्यति ब्रह्मतत्परम्
Having performed whatever morning duties there are, preceded by bathing, he, freed from the three debts, will attain the supreme state of Brahman.
सूर्यस्योदयवेलायां शिवपूजां करोति यः । सूर्येणसम तेजस्वी शिवलोके महीयते
Whoever performs Śiva worship at sunrise shines with the brilliance of the sun and is honored in the realm of Śiva.
उदिते भास्करे पश्चाद्धटिकांतरपूजनम् । रुद्रेणसम तेजस्वी शिवलोके महीयते
If, after the sun has risen, one performs worship after a ghaṭikā interval, he shines with the brilliance of Rudra and is honored in the realm of Śiva.