सकृघृहाः कुलट्याश्च हूणा पारसिकैः सह । तथैव रमणाश्चान्यास्तथा च दशमालिकाः
Those who live in one house, the Kulatyas, the Hunas together with the Persians, and likewise other Ramanas and the Dashamalikas.
क्षत्रियोपनिवेशाश्च वैश्यशूद्र कुलानि च । शूराभीराश्च दरदाः काश्मीराः पशुभिः सह
The settlements of Kshatriyas, and the families of Vaishyas and Shudras, as well as the Shuras, Abhiras, Daradas, and Kashmiris with their cattle.
खांडीकाश्च तुषाराश्च पद्मगा गिरिगह्वराः । आद्रेयाः सभिरादाजास्तथैव स्तनपोषकाः
The Khandikas, Tusharas, Padmagas, those dwelling in mountain caves, Adreyas, Sabhiradas, and likewise the Stanaposhakas.
द्रोषकाश्च कलिंगाश्च किरातानां च जातयः । तोमरा हन्यमानाश्च तथैव करभंजकाः
The Drosakas, Kalingas, the various tribes of Kiratas, the Tomaras being slain, and likewise the Karabhamjakas.
एते चान्ये जनपदाः प्राच्योदीच्यास्तथैव च । उद्देशमात्रेण मया देशाः संकीर्तिता द्विजाः । यथागुणबलं चापि त्रिवर्गस्य महाफलम्
These and other peoples, both eastern and northern, have been mentioned by me, O twice-born, only in brief by region; and according to their qualities and strength, the great fruit of the three aims of life arises.
ऋषय ऊचुः-। भारतस्यास्य वर्षस्य तथा हैमवतस्य च । प्रमाणमायुषः सूत बलं चापि शुभाशुभम्
The sages said: Tell us, O Suta, the measure of life, strength, and the auspicious and inauspicious aspects of this land of Bharata and the Himalayan region.
अनागतमतिक्रांतं वर्तमानं च सत्तम । आचक्ष्व नो विस्तरेण हरिवर्षं तथैव च
O best of men, tell us in detail about the past, future, and present, and likewise about Harivarsha.
सूत उवाच-। चत्वारि भारते वर्षे युगानि मुनिपुंगवाः । कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च तिष्यं च द्विजसत्तमाः
Suta said: There are four ages in the land of Bharata, O best of sages: Krita, Treta, Dvapara, and Tishya, O best of twice-born.
पूर्वे कृतयुगं नाम ततस्त्रेतायुगं द्विजाः । तत्पश्चाद्द्वापरं चाथ ततस्तिष्यः प्रवर्तते
First was the age called Krita, then the Treta age, O twice-born; after that was Dvapara, and then Tishya began.
चत्वारि तु सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मुनिपुंगवाः । आयुः संख्या कृतयुगे संख्याता हि तपोधनाः
In the Krita age, O best of sages, the lifespan was counted as four thousand years, O ascetics rich in austerity.
तथा त्रीणि सहस्राणि त्रेतायामायुषो विदुः । द्वे सहस्रे द्वापरे तु भुवि तिष्ठंति सांप्रतम्
In the Treta age, the lifespan was known to be three thousand years; in Dvapara, it was two thousand years, and so it remains now on earth.
तत्प्रमाणस्थितिर्ह्यस्ति तिष्ये तु मुनिपुंगवाः । गर्भस्थाश्च म्रियंतेऽत्र तथा जाता म्रियंति च
Such is the measure and duration in the Tishya age, O best of sages; here, some die in the womb, and likewise, those born also die.
महाबला महासत्त्वाः प्रज्ञागुणसमन्विताः । प्रजायंते च जाताश्च शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः
Greatly strong, highly endowed with energy and wisdom, people are born and arise by the hundreds and thousands.
द्विजाः कृतयुगे विप्रा बलिनः प्रियदर्शनाः । प्रजायंते च जाताश्च मुनयो वै तपोधनाः
O twice-born, in the Krita age, powerful and pleasing Brahmins are born, and so too are sages rich in austerity.
महोत्साहा महात्मानो धार्मिकाः सत्यवादिनः । प्रियदर्शा वपुष्मंतो महावीर्य्या धनुर्धराः
They are possessed of great enthusiasm, noble-minded, righteous, speakers of truth, pleasant in appearance, handsome, endowed with great strength, and skilled in archery.
वीरा हि युधि जायंते क्षत्रियाः शूरसंमताः । त्रेतायां क्षत्रियास्तावत्सर्वे वै चक्रवर्तिनः
Indeed, in battle, heroic Kshatriyas are born, esteemed for their valor; in the Treta age, all Kshatriyas are universal sovereigns.
सर्ववर्णाश्च जायंते सदैव द्वापरे युगे । महोत्साहा वीर्यवंतः परस्परवधैषिणः
In the Dvapara age, people of all castes are always born, full of great enthusiasm and strength, desiring to kill one another.
तेजसांधेनसंयुक्ताः क्रोधनाः पुरुषाः किल । लुब्धाश्चानृतकाश्चैव तिष्ये जायंति भो द्विजाः
Men are said to be endowed with energy and pride, prone to anger, greedy, and untruthful; O twice-born, such are born in the Tiṣya period.
ईर्ष्या मानस्तथा क्रोधो मायासूया तथैव च । तिष्ये भवंति भूतानां रागो लोभश्च सत्तमाः
Envy, arrogance, anger, deceit, and malice, as well as passion and greed, arise among beings in the Tiṣya period, O best of men.
संक्षेपो वर्त्तते विप्रा द्वापरे युगमध्यगे । गुणोत्तरं हैमवतं हरिवर्षं ततः परम्
A contraction occurs, O Brahmins, in the middle of the Dvapara age; then the land of Haimavata and Harivarsha are superior in qualities.
ऋषय ऊचुः-। जंबूखंडस्त्वया प्रोक्तो यथावदिह सत्तमः । विष्कंभस्य च प्रब्रूहि परिमाणं हि तत्त्वतः
The sages said: You have properly described Jambūkhanda here, O noble one; now tell us the true measure of its diameter.
समुद्रस्य प्रमाणं च सम्यगच्छिद्र दर्शनः । शाकद्वीपं च नो ब्रूहि कुशद्वीपं च धार्मिकम्
And also the measure of the ocean, O clear-sighted one; tell us about Śākadvīpa and the righteous Kuśadvīpa.
शाल्मलं चैव तत्त्वेन क्रौंचद्वीपं तथैव च । सूत उवाच-। विप्राः सुबहवो द्वीपाः यैरिदं संततं जगत् । सप्तद्वीपान्प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणुध्वं द्विजपुंगवाः
And likewise, truthfully, about Śālmala and Krauñcadvīpa; Sūta said: O Brahmins, there are many islands by which this world is encompassed; I shall describe the seven islands—listen, O best of twice-born.
अष्टादशसहस्राणि योजनानि द्विजोत्तमाः । षट्शतानि च पूर्णानि विष्कंभो जंबुपर्वतः
Eighteen thousand yojanas, O best of Brahmins, and six hundred complete, is the diameter of Jambu mountain.
लवणस्य समुद्रस्य विष्कंभो द्विगुणः स्मृतः । नानाजनपदाकीर्णो मणिविद्रुमचित्रितः
The diameter of the salt ocean is said to be twice that; it is filled with various peoples and adorned with gems and coral.
नैकधातुविचित्रैश्च पर्वतैरुपशोभितः । सिद्धचारणसंकीर्णैः सागरः परिमंडलः
It is beautified by mountains of diverse minerals, and the ocean is encircled by Siddhas and Charanas, forming a perfect circle.
शाकद्वीपं च वक्ष्यामि यथावदिह सत्तमाः । शृणुताद्य यथान्यायं ब्रुवतो मम धार्मिकाः
Now I shall describe Śākadvīpa here, O noble ones, as is proper; listen today, O righteous ones, as I speak according to order.
जंबुद्वीपप्रमाणेन द्विगुणः स द्विजर्षभाः । विष्कंभेन महाभागाः सागरोऽपि विभागशः
Śākadvīpa, O foremost of twice-born, is twice the diameter of Jambudvīpa, O greatly fortunate ones, and so is the ocean, each in its own division.
क्षीरोदो मुनिशार्दूला येन संपरिवारितः । तत्र पुण्याजनपदास्तत्र न म्रियते जनः
It is surrounded by the Milk Ocean, O tiger among sages; there are holy lands there, and people do not die there.
कुत एव हि दुर्भिक्षं क्षमा तेजोयुता हि ते । शाकद्वीपस्य संक्षेपो यथावन्मुनिसत्तमाः । उक्त एष महाभागाः किमन्यत्कथयामि वः
How then could there be famine? For they are endowed with earth and energy. The summary of Śākadvīpa has thus been given, O most noble sages; what else shall I tell you?