मान्यस्थानानि पंचाहुः पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरूत्तरात् । पंचानां त्रिषु वर्णेषु भूयांसि बलवंति च
They declare five objects of respect, each preceding the next in seniority; among the three classes, the greater ones are more powerful.
यत्र स्युः सोऽत्र मानार्हः शूद्रोऽपि दशमीं गतः । पंथा देयो ब्राह्मणाय स्त्रियै राज्ञे विचक्षुषे
Where these are present, there respect is due, even if a Shudra is in the tenth position. The path should be given to a Brahmin, a woman, a king, or a learned person.
वृद्धाय भारभग्नाय रोगिणे दुर्बलाय च । भिक्षामाहृत्य शिष्टानां गृहेभ्यः प्रयतोऽन्वहम्
To the elderly, to one bent with burdens, to the sick, and to the weak, one should yield. Having collected alms, one should, with effort, daily approach the homes of the virtuous.
निवेद्य गुरुवेऽश्नीयाद्वाग्यतस्तदनुज्ञया । भवत्पूर्वं चरेद्भैक्ष्यमुपवीती द्विजोत्तमः
Having offered the food to the teacher, one should eat, controlling speech and with the teacher's permission. The twice-born of highest rank should beg for alms first at your house.
भवन्मध्यं तु राजन्यो वैश्यस्तु भवदुत्तरम् । मातरं वा स्वसारं वा मातुर्वा भगिनीं निजाम्
In the middle, a Kshatriya, and at the end, a Vaishya should beg at your house. One may beg first from one's mother, sister, or one's own maternal aunt.
भिक्षेत भिक्षांप्रथमं याचैनं न विमानयेत् । सजातीयगृहेष्वेव सार्ववर्णिकमेव वा
He should beg for alms first and should not disdain her. This should be done in the houses of those of the same class, or in houses of all classes.
भैक्ष्यस्याचरणं प्रोक्तं पतिता दिवि वर्जितम् । वेदयज्ञैरहीनानां प्रशस्तानां स्वकर्म्मसु
The practice of begging for alms is prescribed, except from the fallen or those excluded from heaven, and from those lacking Vedic study or sacrifice, even if they are otherwise worthy in their own duties.
ब्रह्मचार्य्याहरेद्भैक्ष्यं गृहेभ्यः प्रयतोऽन्वहम् । गुरोः कुले न भिक्षेत न ज्ञातिकुलबंधुषु
A student should diligently collect alms daily from households, but not from the teacher's family or from relatives and kin.
अलाभेत्वन्यगेहानां पूर्वं पूर्वं विवर्जयेत् । सर्वं वा विचरेद्ग्रामं पूर्वोक्तानामसंभवे
If unsuccessful at other houses, he should avoid each previous one in order; or, if the previously mentioned are unavailable, he may go through the entire village.
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचं दिशस्त्वनवलोकयन् । समाहृत्य तु भैक्ष्यान्नं यावदर्थममायया
Restraining his speech and not looking in all directions, he should, with effort, collect just enough alms food, without deceit.
भुंजीत प्रयतो नित्यं वाग्यतोऽनन्यमानसः । भैक्ष्येण वर्तयेन्नित्यं नैवेकान्नो भवेद्व्रती
He should always eat with effort, controlling his speech, and with a mind free from distraction. He should always live by alms and not subsist on food from a single house.
भैक्ष्यैण वर्त्तिनो वृत्तिरुपवाससमा स्मृता । पूजयेदशनं नित्यमद्याच्चैनमकुत्सयन्
The livelihood of one living by alms is considered equal to fasting. He should always honor the food and eat it without disdain.
दृष्ट्वा हृष्येत्प्रसीदेच्च प्रतिनंदेच्च सर्वशः । अनारोग्यमनायुष्यमस्वर्ग्यं चातिभोजनम्
Seeing the food, he should rejoice, be pleased, and always express gratitude. Overeating leads to illness, short life, and lack of heaven.
अपुण्यं लोकविद्विष्टं तस्मात्तत्परिवर्जयेत् । प्राङ्मुखोऽन्नानि भुंजीत सूर्याभिमुखमेव वा
It is unmeritorious, despised by people, and therefore should be avoided. One should eat food facing east or facing the sun.
नाद्यादुदङ्मुखो नित्यं विधिरेष सनातनः । प्रक्षाल्य पाणिपादौ च भुंजानो द्विरुपस्पृशेत्
One should never eat facing north; this is an eternal rule. Having washed the hands and feet, one should touch water twice before eating.
शुद्धे देशे समासीनो भुक्त्वा च द्विरुपस्पृशेत्
Sitting in a clean place, after eating, one should touch water twice.
व्यास उवाच- भुक्त्वा पीत्वा च सुप्त्वा च स्नात्वा रथ्योपसर्पणे । ओष्ठावलोमकौ स्पृष्ट्वा वासो विपरिधाय च
Vyāsa said: After eating, drinking, sleeping, bathing, approaching the street, touching the lips or body hair, or after changing clothes—
रेतोमूत्रपुरीषाणामुत्सर्गेऽनृतभाषणे । ष्ठीवित्वाऽध्ययनारंभे कासश्वासागमे तथा
After passing semen, urine, or feces, speaking falsehood, spitting, beginning study, coughing, or sneezing—
चत्वरं वा श्मशानं वा समाक्रम्य द्विजोत्तमः । संध्ययोरुभयोस्तद्वदाचांतोऽप्याचमेत्पुनः
O best of twice-born, after stepping on a crossroad or cremation ground, or at both twilights, even if one is pure, one should touch water again.
चंडालम्लेच्छसंभाषे स्त्रीशूद्रोच्छिष्टभाषणे । उच्छिष्टं पुरुषं दृष्ट्वा भोज्यं चापि तथाविधम्
After conversing with a Caṇḍāla or foreigner, or after speaking with a woman, Śūdra, or someone who is impure from eating, or after seeing such a person or such food—
आचामेदश्रुपाते वा लोहितस्य तथैव च । भोजने संध्ययोः स्नात्वा पीत्वा मूत्रपुरीषयोः
One should touch water after shedding tears, after bleeding, after eating, at the twilights, after bathing, drinking, or passing urine or feces.
आगतो वाचमेत्सुप्त्वा सकृत्सकृदथान्यतः । अग्नेर्गवामथालंभे स्पृष्ट्वा प्रयतमेव वा
After waking from sleep, even once or repeatedly, or after touching fire, a cow, or anything impure, one should touch water with care.
स्त्रीणामथात्मनः स्पर्शे नीलद्यं वा परिधाय च । उपस्पर्शेज्जलं वार्तं तृणं वा भूमिमेव च
After touching women or oneself, or after putting on blue or wet garments, or after touching water, grass, or the ground—
केशानां चात्मनः स्पर्शे वाससः स्खलितस्य च । अनुष्णाभिरकेशाभिरदुष्टाभिश्च धर्मतः
After touching one's own hair or if the garment slips, one should use water that is not hot, not old, and not impure, according to rule.
शौचेऽप्सु सर्वदा चामेदासीनः प्रागुदङ्मुखः । शिरः प्रावृत्य कंठं वा मुक्तकेशशिखोऽपि वा
For purification, one should always touch water while seated, facing east or north, with the head or neck covered, or even with hair unbound.
अकृत्वा पादयोः शौचं मार्गतो न शुचिर्भवेत् । सोपानत्कोपानस्थो वा नोष्णीषी चाचमेद्बुधः
Without washing the feet, one is not pure on the path; one who is wearing shoes, standing on shoes, or without a head covering should not touch water.
न चैव वर्षधाराभिर्न तिष्ठन्नुद्धृतोदकैः । नैकहस्तार्पितजलैर्विना सूत्रेण वा पुनः
One should not use rainwater, nor while standing, nor with water drawn up, nor with water placed with one hand, nor without a thread.
न पादुकासनस्थो वा बहिर्जानुरथापि वा । न जल्पन्न हसन्प्रेक्षन्शयानस्तल्प एव च
One should not touch water while sitting on sandals or a seat, nor with knees outside, nor while talking, laughing, looking around, or lying on a bed.
नाविक्षिताभिः फेनाद्यैरुपेताभिरथापि वा । शूद्राशुचिकरोन्मुक्तैर्नक्षाराभिस्तथैव च
One should not use water that is foamy, muddy, or contaminated, nor water touched by Śūdras, impure persons, or those who have broken vows, nor alkaline water.
न चैवांगुलिभिः शब्दं न कुर्यान्नान्यमानसः । न वर्णरसदुष्टाभिर्न चैव प्रदरोदकैः
One should not make noise with the fingers, nor do it absentmindedly, nor with water that is discolored, foul-tasting, or with water that is flowing out.