दीनसर्वस्वहरणं परस्त्रीगजवाजिनाम् । गोभूरजतवस्त्राणामोषधीनां रसस्य च
Taking away the possessions of the destitute, seizing another's wife, elephant, or horse, and stealing cows, land, silver, cloth, medicinal plants, or their essence.
चंदनागुरुकर्पूर कस्तूरी पट्ट वाससाम् । परन्यासापहरणं रुक्मस्तेयसमं स्मृतम्
Stealing sandalwood, aloe, camphor, musk, silk garments, or taking entrusted property is considered equal to stealing gold.
कन्याया वरयोग्याया अदानं सदृशे वरे । पुत्रमित्रकलत्रेषु गमनं भगिनीषु च
Not giving a suitable bride to a worthy groom, and sexual relations with one's son, friend, wife, or sister.
कुमारीसाहसं घोरमंत्यजस्त्रीनिषेवणम् । सवर्णायाश्च गमनं गुरुतल्पसमं स्मृतम्
Violent acts against maidens, intercourse with outcast women, and relations with a woman of one's own caste are considered equal to violating the teacher's bed.
महापातकतुल्यानि पापान्युक्तानि यानि तु । तानि पातकसंज्ञानि तन्न्यूनमुपपातकम्
The sins described, which are equal to the great sins, are called 'pātaka'; those lesser than these are 'upapātaka'.
द्विजायार्थं प्रतिज्ञाय न प्रयच्छति यः पुनः । तत्र विस्मरते विप्रस्तुल्यं तदुपपातकम्
One who promises something to a Brahmin and does not give it, or a Brahmin who forgets in such a case, both are guilty of upapātaka.
द्विजद्रव्यापहरणं मर्यादाया व्यतिक्रमम् । अतिमानातिकोपश्च दांभिकत्वं कृतघ्नता
Stealing Brahmin property, violating boundaries, excessive pride or anger, hypocrisy, and ingratitude.
अन्यत्र विषयासक्तिः कार्पर्ण्यं शाठ्यमत्सरम् । परदाराभिगमनं साध्वीकन्याभिदूषणम्
Attachment to sensual pleasures, miserliness, deceit, envy, approaching another's wife, and defaming a virtuous maiden.
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता यया च परिविद्यते । तयोर्दानं च कन्यायास्तयोरेव च याजनम्
The act of parivitti (accepting food from the guilty), the parivettā (the giver), and the one who is so treated; giving a girl in marriage to them, or performing rituals for them.
पुत्रमित्रकलत्राणामभावे स्वामिनस्तथा । भार्याणां च परित्यागः साधूनां च तपस्विनाम्
Abandoning one's son, friend, wife, or master in their absence, or forsaking the wives of ascetics and virtuous men.
गवां क्षत्रियवैश्यानां स्त्रीशूद्राणां च घातनम् । शिवायतनवृक्षाणां पुण्याराम विनाशनम्
Killing cows, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, women, or Shudras, and destroying trees in Shiva's temples or sacred gardens.
यः पीडामाश्रमस्थानामाचरेदल्पिकामपि । तद्भृत्यपरिवर्गस्य पशुधान्यवनस्य च
Anyone who causes even slight harm to residents of hermitages, their servants, dependents, livestock, grains, or forests.
कर्ष धान्य पशुस्तेयमयाज्यानां च याजनम् । यज्ञारामतडागानां दारापत्यस्य विक्रयः
Stealing ploughs, grain, livestock, performing rituals for the unworthy, selling sacrificial grounds, ponds, wives, or children.
तीर्थयात्रोपवासानां व्रतानां च सुकर्मणाम् । स्त्रीधनान्युपजीवंति स्त्रीभगात्यंतजीविता
Living off the wealth of women, or those who end their lives through women, as well as neglecting pilgrimages, fasting, vows, or good deeds.
स्वधर्मं विक्रयेद्यस्तु अधर्मं वर्णते नरः । परदोषप्रवादी च परच्छिद्रावलोककः
One who sells his own dharma, praises adharma, spreads slander about others, or observes others' faults.
परद्रव्याभिलाषी च परदारावलोककः । एते गोघ्नसमानाश्च ज्ञातव्या नृपनंदन
Desiring another's property, looking at another's wife—these are to be known as equal to killing a cow, O delight of kings.
यः कर्ता सर्वशास्त्राणां गोहर्ता गोश्च विक्रयी । निर्दयोऽतीव भृत्येषु पशूनां दमकश्च यः
He who is the author of all treatises, who kills cows or sells them, who is exceedingly merciless toward servants, and who is a punisher of cattle—
मिथ्या प्रवदते वाचमाकर्णयति यः परैः । स्वामिद्रोही गुरुद्रोही मायावी चपलः शठः
He who speaks falsely, listens to falsehoods from others, betrays his master or teacher, is deceitful, fickle, and cunning—
यो भार्यापुत्रमित्राणि बालवृद्धकृशातुरान् । भृत्यानतिथिबंधूंश्च त्यक्त्वाश्नाति बुभुक्षितान्
He who, abandoning his wife, children, friends, the young, the old, the weak, the sick, servants, guests, and relatives, eats while they are hungry—
ये तु मृष्टं समश्नंति नो वांच्छंतं ददंति च । पृथक्पाकी स विज्ञेयो ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हितः
Those who eat fine food alone and do not give it to those who desire it, such a one is known as a separate-cooker, condemned among those who speak of Brahman.
नियमान्स्वयमादाय ये त्यजंत्यजितेंद्रियाः । प्रव्रज्यागमिता यैश्च संयुक्ता ये च मद्यपैः
Those who, having taken vows themselves, abandon them due to uncontrolled senses, those who have falsely adopted renunciation, and those who associate with drunkards—
ये चापि क्षयरोगार्तां गां पिपासा क्षुधातुराम् । न पालयंति यत्नेन ते गोघ्ना नारकाः स्मृताः
And those who do not diligently care for cows afflicted by wasting disease, thirst, or hunger—these are known as cow-killers, destined for hell.
सर्वपापरता ये च चतुष्पात्क्षेत्रभेदकाः । साधून्विप्रान्गुरूंश्चैव यश्च गां हि प्रताडयेत्
Those who are devoted to all sins, who injure four-footed animals in the fields, who strike the virtuous, Brahmins, or teachers, and who beat cows—
ये ताडयंत्यदोषां च नारीं साधुपदेस्थिताम् । आलस्यबद्धसर्वांगो यः स्वपिति मुहुर्मुहुः
Those who beat innocent women who follow the path of virtue, and he whose whole body is bound by laziness, who sleeps again and again—
दुर्बलांश्च न पुष्णंति नष्टान्नान्वेषयंति च । पीडयंत्यतिभारेण सक्षतान्वाहयंति च
Those who do not nourish the weak, do not seek out lost food, who oppress with excessive burdens, and who make the wounded carry loads—
सर्वपापरता ये च संयुक्ता ये च भुंजते । भग्नांगीं क्षतरोगार्तां गोरूपां च क्षुधातुराम्
Those who are devoted to all sins, who associate with such people, who eat the flesh of cows with broken limbs, afflicted by wounds or disease, or suffering from hunger—
न पालयंति यत्नेन ते जना नारकाः स्मृताः । वृषाणां वृषणौ ये च पापिष्ठा घातयंति च
Those who do not diligently care for them are considered hell-bound; and those most sinful ones who kill the testicles of bulls—
बाधयंति च गोवत्सान्महानारकिणो नराः । आशया समनुप्राप्तं क्षुत्तृषाश्रमपीडितम्
Those men who torment calves are great sinners destined for hell, especially when they are afflicted by hunger, thirst, or exhaustion, and have come seeking shelter—
ये चातिथिं न मन्यंते ते वै निरयगामिनः । अनाथं विकलं दीनं बालं वृद्धं भृशातुरम्
Those who do not honor a guest are certainly bound for hell; and those who do not show compassion to the helpless, the disabled, the poor, the young, the old, or the greatly afflicted—
नानुकंपंति ये मूढास्ते यांति नरकार्णवम् । अजाविको माहिषिको यः शूद्रा वृषलीपतिः
Those fools who do not feel compassion for them go to the ocean of hell; he who is a goat-herd, buffalo-herd, Shudra, or the husband of a low-caste woman—