मिथुने कलहो नित्यं मर्त्यस्तु परिकीर्तितः। प्रकृत्या चपलो नित्यं सदा भोजनचंचलः
A man who always quarrels with his partner is said to be fickle by nature, always restless for food.
प्लवगः काननप्रीतो नरः शाखामृगो भुवि। सूचको भाषया बुध्या स्वजनेऽन्यजनेषु च
A monkey, fond of the forest, is a man who is a branch-dwelling deer on earth; one who reveals by speech and intellect among his own and others.
उद्वेगजनकत्वाच्च स पुमानुरगः स्मृतः। बलवान्क्रांतशीलश्च सततं चानपत्रपः१०० 1.76.
Because he causes distress, that man is called passionate; ever strong, transgressing, and always shameless.
पूतिमांसप्रियो भोगी नृसिंहस्समुदाहृतः। तत्स्वनादेव सीदंति भीता अन्ये वृकादयः
One who delights in rotten flesh is called an enjoyer, a man-lion; at his very roar, other fearful wolves and the like sink down.
द्विरदादि नरा ये च ज्ञायंते दूरदर्शिनः। एवमादि क्रमेणैव विजानीयान्नरेषु च
Men who are recognized from afar, such as elephants and others, should likewise be discerned among people, step by step, in this manner.
सुराणां लक्षणं ब्रूमो नररूपं व्यवस्थितम्। द्विजदेवातिथीनां च गुरुसाधुतपस्विनाम्
We shall describe the characteristics of gods manifest in human form, as well as those of twice-borns, gods, guests, teachers, the virtuous, and ascetics.
पूजातपोरतोनित्यं धर्मशास्त्रेषु नीतिषु। क्षमाशीलो जितक्रोधः सत्यवादी जितेंद्रिंयः
Constant in worship, austerity, and ritual, versed in the scriptures and ethics, possessing patience, mastering anger, speaking truth, and controlling the senses—
दयालुर्दयितो लोके रूपवान्मधुरस्वरः। वागीशः सर्वकार्येषु गुणी दक्षो महाबलः
Compassionate and kind to the world, handsome, with a sweet voice, eloquent in all endeavors, virtuous, skillful, and of great strength—
साक्षरश्चापि विद्वांश्च गीतनृत्यार्थतत्त्ववित्। आत्मविद्यादिकार्येषु सर्वतंत्रीस्वरेषु च
Literate and learned, knowing the essence of music and dance, accomplished in self-knowledge and related pursuits, and sovereign over all disciplines—
हविष्येषु च सर्वेषु गव्येषु च निरामिषे। सद्योगास्वादद्रव्ये च प्रत्यग्रे चातिशोभने
In all offerings, in dairy products free from flesh, in substances that are freshly prepared and exceedingly splendid—
गंधमाल्येषु वस्त्रेषु शास्त्रेष्वाभरणेषु च। संप्रीतश्चातिथौ दाने पार्वणादिषु कर्मसु
In fragrant garlands, garments, scriptures, ornaments, delighted in guests, in giving, and in rites such as festivals—
स्नानदानादिभिः कार्ये व्रतैर्यज्ञैः सुरार्चनैः। कालो गच्छति पाठैश्च न क्लीबं वासरं भवेत्
Through bathing, giving, and other acts, through vows, sacrifices, and worship of the gods, time passes with recitation, and the day is never wasted.
अयमेव मनुष्याणां सदाचारो निरंतरम्। देववन्मानवाचारो गीयते मुनिसत्तमैः
This, indeed, is the constant good conduct of human beings; the conduct of men, like that of the gods, is praised by the best of sages.
किंतु सत्त्वाधिको देवो मनुष्यो भीत एव च। गंभीरः सर्वदा देवः सदैव मानवो मृदुः
However, the god surpasses in strength, while the human is ever fearful; the god is always profound, and the human ever gentle.
द्वयोस्तुत्या च संप्रीतिर्न दैत्यादौ भवेत्किल। प्रीतिभावं परं सौख्यं सौहृदं सुकृतं शुभम्
But mutual delight does not arise between gods and beings such as demons; the highest happiness, friendship, virtue, and auspiciousness come from affection.
दैवमानुषयोरेव दैत्यराक्षसयोस्तथा। प्रेतादीनां च प्रेतेषु पशौ प्रीतिः पशोरपि
Such affection exists only between gods and humans, and likewise between demons and rākṣasas; among the departed, with the departed; among animals, with their own kind.
काकादयः स्वजातौ च तथान्ये च स्वजातिषु। प्रीता भवंति चाप्रीता विद्या तेषां च लक्षणम्
Crows and others are affectionate within their own species, and so too are others with their own kind; affection and lack of affection are their distinguishing marks.
एवं पुण्यविशेषेण सविशेषा सुजातिषु। प्रियाप्रियं विजानीयात्पुण्यापुण्यं गुणागुणम्
Thus, by the distinction of merit, one should discern what is dear or not, merit or demerit, virtue or fault, among those of good birth.
दंपत्योर्न सुखं किंचिज्जातिभेदान्नृणां भुवि। स्वजातिषु भवेत्प्रीतिर्मुक्तो वा निरयेपि वा
There is no happiness for couples on earth when there is difference of birth; affection arises among one's own kind, whether liberated or even in hell.
अतिपुण्याल्लभेदायुः शोभनाः पुण्यकारिणः। पापात्मानो लभंतेऽन्तं ये च दैत्यादयो नराः
From great merit, the doers of virtue obtain a beautiful life; the sinful, such as demons and others among men, meet their end.
कृते जाताः सुरा भूमौ न दैत्याश्चान्यजातयः। त्रेतायामेकपादं च द्विपदं द्वापरे युगे
In the Kṛta age, gods were born on earth, not demons or other kinds; in the Tretā, one foot; in the Dvāpara, two feet—
संध्यायां च कलेरेव सर्वपादं च संकुलम्। देवादीनां भवेज्जातं भारतं यत्प्रवर्तितम्
And in the twilight and in Kali, all feet, confusion arises; the birth of gods and others, O Bhārata, proceeds as established.
ये ते दुर्योधनस्यैव योधाः सैन्यादयस्तथा। ते च दैत्यादयः सर्वे ये च कर्णादयो भुवि
Those warriors and armies of Duryodhana, as well as all those Daityas and others, and those like Karna upon the earth—
गांगेयो वसुमुख्यश्च द्रोणो देवमुनिः प्रभुः। अश्वत्थामा हरः साक्षाद्धरिर्नंदकुलोद्भवः
The son of Ganga, Vasumukha, Drona the divine sage and lord, Ashvatthama, who is directly Shiva, and Hari, born in the Nanda lineage—
पंचेंद्राः पांडवा जाता विदुरो धर्म एव च। गांधारी द्रौपदी कुंती चैता देव्यो धरातले
The five Indras, born as the Pandavas, Vidura who is Dharma himself, Gandhari, Draupadi, and Kunti—these goddesses upon the earth—
देवदैत्याः कलेर्मध्ये दैत्याश्शेषे च मानवाः। उत्पत्स्यंते सदा प्रेताः क्रव्यादाः पशुपक्षिणः
Gods and Daityas in the age of Kali, Daityas at the end, and humans; always arising are pretas, flesh-eaters, animals, and birds—
तेषां च कुलटा दासी नित्यकष्टा यवीयसी। नित्यं द्वंद्वेषु संप्रीत्या तेषामाचारभाषिणी
Among them, the unchaste women, servants, those always suffering and younger; always involved in conflicts, speaking of their customs with pleasure—
किल्बिषेषु च सर्वेषु कलहेऽन्यायकर्मणि। रता दैत्यादयो ये ते सर्वे निरयगामिनः
In all sins, quarrels, and unjust deeds, those Daityas and others delight; all these are destined for hell—
वैशंपायन उवाच-। दैत्यादीनां मृषाभावात्सुरत्वं न सुरालयम्। कथं भोग्यं कथं सौख्यमारोग्यं बलसंचयम्
Vaishampayana said: Because of the false nature of Daityas and others, divinity does not lead to the abode of the gods; how can there be enjoyment, happiness, health, or accumulation of strength?
राज्यमायुस्तथा कीर्तिरभीष्टं दयितं बलम्। नीतिविद्यादिकं भाव्यं जन्मवृद्धं सनातनम्
Kingdom, lifespan, fame, desired objects, affection, strength, policy, knowledge, and such things, birth and growth, and what is eternal—