चतुर्थप्रहरे स्नाने रात्रौ वा तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। तत्तोयं रक्षसामेव ग्रहणेन विना स्मृतम्
In the fourth watch, during bathing, or at night, one should offer libations to the ancestors; the water thus used is considered pure, even without ritual for warding off demons.
पानीयं सर्वसिर्द्ध्य्थं पुरैव निर्मितं मया। रक्षार्थं तस्य तोयस्य यक्षाश्चैव धुरंधराः
I have previously prepared water for all sacred purposes; for its protection, yakshas are appointed as guardians.
न प्राप्नुवंति पितरो ये च लोकांतरं गताः। दुष्प्राप्यं सलिलं तेषामृते स्वान्मर्त्यवासिनः
The ancestors who have departed to other worlds do not obtain this water; it is difficult for them to access, except through their own descendants living on earth.
तस्माच्छिष्यैश्च पुत्रैश्च पौत्रदौहित्रकादिभिः। बंधुवर्गैस्तथा चान्यैस्तर्पणीयं पितृव्रतैः
Therefore, disciples, sons, grandsons, great-grandchildren, relatives, and others should perform offerings to the ancestors, observing the ancestral rites.
नारद उवाच-। जलस्य दैवतं ब्रूहि तर्पणस्य विधिं मयि। यथा जानामि देवेश तत्वतो वक्तुमर्हसि
Narada said: Tell me the deity of water and the procedure for the offering; O Lord of the gods, you should explain it to me so I may know the truth.
ब्रह्मोवाच-। जलस्य देवता विष्णुःस र्वलोकेषु गीयते। जलपूतो भवेद्यस्तु विष्णुस्तच्छंकरो भवेत्
Brahma said: Vishnu is praised as the deity of water in all worlds; whoever is purified by water becomes Vishnu, and thus becomes auspicious.
जलं गंडूषमात्रं तु पीत्वा पूतो भवेन्नरः। विशेषात्कुशसंसर्गात्पीयूषादधिकं जलम्
By drinking even a mouthful of water, a person is purified; especially when in contact with kusa grass, water surpasses nectar.
सर्वदेवालयो दर्भो मयायं निर्मितः पुरा। [https://vedastudy.yolasite.com/kusha1.php कुशमूले] भवेद्ब्रह्मा कुशमध्ये तु केशवः
I have fashioned darbha grass as the abode of all the gods; at the root of kusa is Brahma, and in the middle is Kesava.
कुशाग्रे शंकरं विद्धि कुश एते प्रतिष्ठिताः। कुशहस्तः सदा मेध्यः स्तोत्रं मंत्रं पठेद्यदि
Know that Shankara is at the tip of kusa; these kusa blades are established thus. One holding kusa is always pure, if he recites hymns and mantras.
सर्वं शतगुणं प्रोक्तं तीर्थे साहस्रमुच्यते। कुशाः काशास्तथा दूर्वा यवपत्राणि व्रीहयः
Everything is said to be a hundredfold greater at a sacred place, and a thousandfold so. Kusa, kasha, durva, barley leaves, and rice grains—
बल्वजाः पुंडरीकाश्च कुशास्सप्त प्रकीर्तिताः। आनुपूर्व्येण मेध्याः स्युः कुशा लोके प्रतिष्ठिताः
Balvaja and lotus are also counted among the seven kinds of kusa; in order, they are pure, and kusa is established in the world.
विना मंत्रेण यत्स्नानं सर्वं तन्निष्फलं भवेत्। अमृतात्स्वादुतामेति संस्पर्शाच्च तिलस्य च
Any bathing performed without a mantra is fruitless; water becomes sweeter than nectar through contact with sesame.
तस्माच्च तर्पयेन्नित्यं पितॄंस्तिलजलैर्बुधः। दशभिश्च तिलैस्तावत्पितॄणां प्रीतिरुत्तमा
Therefore, the wise should always offer libations to the ancestors with water mixed with sesame; with ten sesame seeds, the ancestors' satisfaction is supreme.
अग्निस्तंभभयाद्देवा न चेच्छन्त्यतिविस्तरम्। स्नात्वा यस्तर्पयेन्नित्यं तिलमिश्रोदकैः पितॄन्
Out of fear of the fire pillar, the gods do not desire excessive offerings; whoever bathes and daily offers water mixed with sesame to the ancestors—
नीलपंडविमोक्षेण त्वमावास्या तिलोदकैः। वर्षासु दीपदानेन पितॄणामनृणो भवेत्
By releasing the blue and pale ones, and on the new moon with sesame water, and by giving lamps during the rainy season, one becomes free from debt to the ancestors.
वत्सरैकममायां तु तर्पयेद्यस्तिलैः पितृन्। विनायकत्वमाप्नोति सर्वदेवैः प्रपूज्यते
Whoever offers sesame to the ancestors during the new moon for a whole year attains the status of a leader and is honored by all the gods.
युगाद्यासु च सर्वासु यस्तिलैस्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। उक्तं यद्वाप्यमायां तु तस्माच्छतगुणाधिकम्
Whoever offers sesame to the ancestors at the beginning of every age, or as prescribed during the new moon, gains a hundredfold greater merit.
अयने विषुवे चैव राकामायां तथैव च। तर्पयित्वा पितृव्यूहं स्वर्गलोके महीयते
At the solstices, equinoxes, and full moon of the new moon, after offering to the ancestral hosts, one is exalted in the heavenly world.
तथा मन्वंतराख्यायामन्यस्यां पुण्यसंस्थितौ। ग्रहणे चंद्रसूर्यस्य पुण्यतीर्थे गयादिषु
Likewise, during the period known as a Manvantara, in other auspicious observances, and at the eclipses of the moon and sun, at holy places such as Gaya and others,
तर्पयित्वा पितॄन्याति माधवस्य निकेतनम्। तस्मात्पुण्याहकं प्राप्य तर्पयेत्पितृसंचयम्
Having satisfied the ancestors, one proceeds to the abode of Madhava; therefore, having attained a meritorious day, one should satisfy the assembly of ancestors.
तर्पणं देवतानां च पूर्वं कृत्वा समाहितः। अधिकारी भवेत्पश्चात्पितॄणां तर्पणे बुधः
First, with a concentrated mind, one should offer libations to the deities; only afterwards does the wise person become eligible to offer libations to the ancestors.
श्राद्धे भोजनकाले च पाणिनैकेन दापयेत्। उभाभ्यां तर्पणे दद्याद्विधिरेष सनातनः
At the time of the śrāddha meal, one should give with one hand; but for the libation, one should offer with both hands—this is the eternal rule.
दक्षिणाभिमुखो भूत्वा शुचिस्तु तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। तृप्यतामिति वाक्येन नामगोत्रेण वै पुनः
Facing south and being pure, one should satisfy the ancestors, saying 'May they be satisfied,' and again, by their name and lineage.
अकृष्णैर्यत्तिलैर्मोहात्तर्पयेत्पितृसंचयम्। भूम्यां ददाति यदपो दाता चैव जले स्थितः
One should satisfy the assembly of ancestors with unbroken white sesame seeds, not black ones, out of delusion; what is given on the ground is water, and the giver stands in the water.
वृथा तद्दीयते दानं नोपतिष्ठति कस्यचित्। स्थले स्थित्वा जले यस्तु प्रयच्छेदुदकं नरः
Such a gift, given in vain, does not reach anyone; but a man who, standing on land, offers water in water—
नोपतिष्ठेत्पितॄणां तु सलिलं तन्निरर्थकम्। आर्द्रवासा जले यस्तु कुर्यादुदकतर्पणम् ५० 1.49.
—the water does not reach the ancestors; that is fruitless. But one who, wearing wet clothes, performs the water libation in water—
पितरस्तस्य तृप्यंति सहदेवैस्सदानघ। रजकैः क्षालितं वस्त्रमशुद्धं कवयो विदुः
His ancestors are always satisfied together with the gods, O sinless one. But cloth washed by launderers is considered impure by the wise.
हस्तप्रक्षालने चैव पुनर्वस्त्रं तु शुध्यति। शुष्कवासाः शुचौ देशे स्थाने यत्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्
After washing the hands, the cloth becomes pure again; wearing dry clothes in a clean place, one should satisfy the ancestors.
ततो दशगुणेनैव तुष्यंति पितरो ध्रुवम्। स्नानं संध्यां च पाषाणे खड्गे वा ताम्रभाजने
Then, the ancestors are certainly satisfied tenfold. Bathing and performing the twilight worship on a stone, sword, or copper vessel—
तर्पणं कुरुते यस्तु प्रत्येकं च शताधिकम्। रौप्यांगुलीयं तर्जन्यां धृत्वा यत्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्
One who performs the libation in each of these, with a hundred times more merit, and who, holding a silver ring on the index finger, satisfies the ancestors—