अहः सुराणां तद्रात्रिः कर्काद्यं दक्षिणायनम्
For the gods, that day is their night, beginning with Cancer is the southern course of the sun.
मधादौ मङ्गलं कर्म विधेयं चोत्तरायणे
At the beginning and middle of Uttarayana, auspicious rites are to be performed.
माधादि मासौ द्वौ द्वौ च ऋतवः शिशिरादयः
Beginning with Madhu, there are two months each, and likewise the seasons, starting with Shishira.
वर्षा शरश्च हेमन्तः कर्काद्वै दक्षिणायने
The rainy, autumn, and winter seasons occur from Cancer onward during the southern course.
त्रिंशद्भिश्चन्द्रभगणो मासो नाक्षत्रसंज्ञकः
A month, called by the name of a constellation, consists of thirty lunar portions.
नभस्य इष ऊर्जश्च सहाश्चैव सहस्यकः
Nabhasya, Isha, Urja, Saha, and Sahasya are the names (of months).
यस्मिन्मासे पौर्णमासी येन धिष्णेन संयुता
In whichever month the full moon is joined with a particular mansion,
तत्पक्षौ दैव पित्राख्यौ शुक्लकृष्णौ तथापरे
That fortnight is called by the names of the gods and ancestors, the bright and dark halves respectively.
क्रमात्तिथीनां ब्रह्माग्नी विरिञ्चिविष्णुशैलजाः
In order, the lords of the lunar days are Brahma, Agni, Virinchi, Vishnu, and Shailaja.
महेन्द्रवासवौ नागदुर्गादण्डधराह्वयः
Mahendra, Vasava, Naga, Durga, and Dandadhara are so named.
चन्द्रविश्वेदर्शसंज्ञतिथीशाः पितरः स्मृताः
The lunar days named Chandra, Vishvedevas, and Arsha are remembered as belonging to the ancestors.
त्रिरावृत्त्या क्रमाज्ज्ञेया नेष्टमध्येष्टदाः सिते
They are to be known in order by threefold repetition, as givers of the main and secondary offerings in the bright half.
अष्टमी द्वादशी षष्टी चतुर्थी च चतुर्दशी
The eighth, twelfth, sixth, fourth, and fourteenth lunar days—
समुद्रमनुरन्ध्राङ्कतत्त्वसंख्यास्तु नाडिकाः
The nāḍikās are reckoned by the number corresponding to the principles, as in the case of the ocean, Manu, Randhra, and Aṅka.
अमावास्या च नवमी हित्वा विषमसंज्ञिका
Amavasya and Navami, excepting those with odd designations,
षषअट्यां तैलं तथाष्टम्यां मासं क्षौरं कलेस्तिथौ
On the sixth and eighth lunar days, oil is to be used; on the eighth, shaving is to be done in the month, on the prescribed lunar day.
देर्शे षष्ट्यां प्रतिपदि द्वादश्यां प्रतिपर्वसु
On the sixtieth day, on the first day of the lunar fortnight, on the twelfth day, and on the days of conjunctions of the stars—
व्यतीपाते च संक्रान्तावेकादश्यां च पर्वसु
At the time of Vyatipāta, during the solstice transitions, on the eleventh day, and on the days of lunar conjunctions—
यः करोति दशम्यां च स्नानमामलकैर्नरः
Whoever bathes with amalaki fruits on the tenth lunar day—
अर्थपुत्रक्षयस्तस्य द्वितीयायां न संशयः
For him, loss of wealth and sons is certain on the second day, without doubt.
या पौर्णिमा दिवा चन्द्रमती सानुमती स्मृता
That full moon day which occurs during the day is called Anumati.
सिनीवाली चेन्दुमती कुहूर्नेन्दुमती मता
Sinivali, Endumati, Kuhū, and Nendumati are so considered.
त्रेतादिर्माधवे शुक्ले तृतीया पुण्यसंज्ञिता
The third day of the bright fortnight in the month of Mādhava is known as sacred.
कल्पादिः स्यात्कृष्णपक्षे नभस्तस्य त्रयोदशी
The beginning of a kalpa is the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight in the month of Nabhas.
चैत्रे भाद्रपदे चैव तृतीया शुक्लसंज्ञिता
In the months of Chaitra and Bhādrapada, the third day of the bright fortnight is so designated.
माघे च सप्तमी शुक्ला नभस्ये त्वसिताष्टमी
In Māgha, the seventh day of the bright fortnight; in Nabhas, the eighth day of the dark fortnight.
आषाढे कार्तिके मासि ज्यष्टे चैत्रे च पौर्णिमा
In the months of Āṣāḍha, Kārtika, Jyeṣṭha, and Chaitra, the full moon occurs.
भाद्रे कृष्णत्रयोदश्यां मघामिन्दुः करे रविः
In Bhādra, on the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight, the Moon is in Maghā and the Sun is in Karkaṭa.
एकस्मिन्वासरे तिस्रस्तिथयः स्यात्तिथिक्षयः
On one day, if three lunar days occur, it is called the loss of a lunar day.
सूर्यास्तमनपर्यन्तं यस्मिन्वारे तु या तिथिः
The lunar day which lasts until sunset on any given day—