परस्मैपदमाख्यातं शेषात्कर्तारि शाब्दिकैः
The verb in the parasmaipada form is used for the agent, according to the grammarians, except for the rest.
सौकर्यातिशयं चैव यदाद्योतयितुं मुने
And, O sage, when there is a special ease or excellence to be indicated,
लभन्ते कर्तृते पश्य पच्यते ह्योदनः स्वयम्
See, in the agentive sense, they obtain; indeed, the rice is cooked by itself.
धातोः सकर्मकाद्भावे कर्मण्यपि लप्रत्ययाः
From a transitive root, in the sense of state or in the passive, the suffix 'la' is also used.
फलव्यापरयोरेकनिष्टतायामकर्मकः
When there is unity between the result and the action, it is called an action without a separate fruit.
गौणे कर्मणि द्रुह्यादेः प्रधाने नीहृकृष्वहाम्
In a secondary action, the main act is considered primary, while the subsidiary act, such as betrayal, is subordinate.
प्रयोज्य कर्मण्यन्येषां ण्यन्तानां लादयो मताः
The gains resulting from actions performed by others who are subordinate are regarded as belonging to the principal.
फले प्रधानं व्यापारस्तिर्ङ्थस्तु विशेषणम्
In the result, the main activity is primary, while the crossing over is considered an attribute.
भावे कर्मणि कृत्याः स्युः कृतः कर्तरि कीर्तिताः
When the action is in the state of being, it is called a kṛtyā; when completed, it is said to pertain to the agent.
गम्यादिगम्ये निर्दिष्टं शेषमद्यतने मतम्
In matters such as 'to be gone to' and similar, the remainder is specified according to the modern view.
रामाश्रितस्तत्पुरुषे धान्यार्थो यूपदारु च
In the tatpuruṣa compound, 'dependent on Rāma', 'for the sake of grain', and 'yūpa-wood' are examples.
पञ्चगवं दशग्रामी त्रिफलेति तु रूढितः
'Pañcagava', 'daśagrāmī', and 'triphalā' are established by usage.
अब्राह्मणो न ञि प्रोक्तः कुंभकारादिकः कृता
A non-Brahmin is not denoted by ñi; 'potter' and similar are formed with kṛta.
पञ्चगू रूपवद्भार्यो मध्याह्नः ससुतादिकः
'Pañcagū', 'one with a beautiful wife', 'midday', and 'one with a son', and the like, are so formed.
भिक्षामानय गां चापि वाक्यमेवानयोर्भवेत्
The expressions 'bring alms' and 'bring the cow' are both considered as sentences.
रामकृष्णं द्विज द्वै द्वै ब्रह्म चैकमुपास्यते
'Rāma-Kṛṣṇa', 'twice-born', 'two by two', and 'Brahman as one' are to be understood.
तत्पञ्चविधमाख्यातं वैदिकं धातुरूपकम्
Thus, five types of Vedic verbal forms have been explained.
विकारः क्वापि वर्णानां वर्णनाशः क्वचिन्मतः
Sometimes there is modification of sounds; sometimes, the loss of a sound is considered.
धातोर्योगातिशयी च संयोगः परिकीर्तितः
A union exceeding the root is called a special combination.
गूढोत्मा वर्णविकृतेर्वर्णनांशात्पृषोदरः
A hidden essence, a modification of a sound, or a portion of a sound, is called pṛṣodara.
बहुलं छन्दसीत्युक्तमत्र वाच्यं पुनर्वसू
It is said that such forms are frequent in the Vedic metres; here, the explanation is to be repeated.
परं व्यवहिताश्चापि गतिसंज्ञास्तथा हि आ
Furthermore, those that are remote are also called by the term 'gati'.
निष्टर्क्यान्द्यास्तथोक्ताश्च गृभायेत्यादिकास्तथा
Those that are declared as undecidable, as well as those beginning with 'for conception' and the like, are also thus.
व्यत्ययमिच्छति शास्रकृदेषां सो ऽपि च सिद्ध्यति बाहुलकेन
If the lawgiver desires an exception among these, that too is accomplished by means of abundance.
रात्री विम्बी च कद्रूश्चाविष्ट्वौ वाजसनेयिनः
The words 'night', 'vimbī', and 'kadrū', as well as 'aviṣṭu', belong to the Vājasaneyins.
देवासो ऽथो सर्वदेवतातित्वावत इत्यपि
The gods, and also the one who possesses the superiority over all deities, are also included.
अपस्पृधेथां नो अव्यादायो अस्मान्मुखास्तथा
May you both cleanse us; may no harm come to us from our mouths as well.
हिरण्ययेन नरं च परमे व्योमनित्यपि
And also 'with gold' and 'the man' in the highest heaven.
यजध्वैनमेमसि च स्नात्वी गत्वा पचास्थभौः
'Sacrifice to him', 'we approach', and also 'having bathed, having gone, cook the bones.'
पश्येदधद्ब्रभूथापि प्रमिणान्तित्यवीवृधत्
He may see, he may place, he may become; he may measure, he may increase.