शन्तः शन्तिः शंयशन्तौ शंयोहंयुः शुभंयुवत्
Śanta, Śanti, Śaṃyaśanta, Śaṃyohaṃyu, and Śubhaṃyu,
भवति बगभूव भविता भविष्यति भवत्वभवद्भघवेच्चापि
Bhavati, Bagabhūva, Bhavitā, Bhaviṣyati, Bhavat, Abhavat, Bhagavat, and Bhavecca also,
अत्ति जघासात्तात्स्यत्यत्त्वाददद्याद्द्विरघसदात्स्यत्
Atti, Jaghāsa, Attāt, Syati, Attvā, Dadat, Dviraghasa, Dātsyat,
दिदेव देविता देविष्यति च अदीव्यद्दीव्येद्दीव्याद्वै
Dideva, Devitā, Deviṣyati, Adīvyat, Dīvyet, Dīvyāt indeed,
सुनोत्वसुनोत्सुनुयात्सूयादशावीदसोष्युत्तुदति च
Sunot, Asunot, Sunuyāt, Sūyāt, Aśāvit, Asoṣyat, Utudati also,
अतौत्सीदतोत्स्यदिति च रुणद्धि रूरोध रोद्धा रोत्स्यति वै
Ataut, Sīdat, Otsyat, Iti, Ruṇaddhi, Rūrodha, Roddhā, Rotsyati indeed,
तनोति ततान तनिता तनिष्यति तनोत्वतनोत्तनुयाद्धि
Tanoti, Tatāna, Tanitā, Taniṣyati, Tanot, Atanot, Tanuyāt indeed,
अक्रीणात्क्रीणात्क्रीणीयात्क्रीयादक्रैषीदक्रेष्यञ्चोरयति चोरयामास चोरयिता चोरयिष्यति चोरयतु
Akrīṇāt, Krīṇāt, Krīṇīyāt, Krīyāt, Akraiṣīt, Akreṣyat, Corayati, Corayāmāsa, Corayitā, Corayiṣyati, Corayatu,
क्रियासमभिहारे तु पण्डितो बोभूयते मुने
In the collection of actions, O sage, the learned one is called 'Bobhūyate'.
अनुदात्तञितो धातोः क्रियाविनिमये तथा
When the root has an anudātta accent, so also in the interchange of actions.
परस्मैपदमाख्यातं शेषात्कर्तारि शाब्दिकैः
The verb in the parasmaipada form is used for the agent, according to the grammarians, except for the rest.
सौकर्यातिशयं चैव यदाद्योतयितुं मुने
And, O sage, when there is a special ease or excellence to be indicated,
लभन्ते कर्तृते पश्य पच्यते ह्योदनः स्वयम्
See, in the agentive sense, they obtain; indeed, the rice is cooked by itself.
धातोः सकर्मकाद्भावे कर्मण्यपि लप्रत्ययाः
From a transitive root, in the sense of state or in the passive, the suffix 'la' is also used.
फलव्यापरयोरेकनिष्टतायामकर्मकः
When there is unity between the result and the action, it is called an action without a separate fruit.
गौणे कर्मणि द्रुह्यादेः प्रधाने नीहृकृष्वहाम्
In a secondary action, the main act is considered primary, while the subsidiary act, such as betrayal, is subordinate.
प्रयोज्य कर्मण्यन्येषां ण्यन्तानां लादयो मताः
The gains resulting from actions performed by others who are subordinate are regarded as belonging to the principal.
फले प्रधानं व्यापारस्तिर्ङ्थस्तु विशेषणम्
In the result, the main activity is primary, while the crossing over is considered an attribute.
भावे कर्मणि कृत्याः स्युः कृतः कर्तरि कीर्तिताः
When the action is in the state of being, it is called a kṛtyā; when completed, it is said to pertain to the agent.
गम्यादिगम्ये निर्दिष्टं शेषमद्यतने मतम्
In matters such as 'to be gone to' and similar, the remainder is specified according to the modern view.
रामाश्रितस्तत्पुरुषे धान्यार्थो यूपदारु च
In the tatpuruṣa compound, 'dependent on Rāma', 'for the sake of grain', and 'yūpa-wood' are examples.
पञ्चगवं दशग्रामी त्रिफलेति तु रूढितः
'Pañcagava', 'daśagrāmī', and 'triphalā' are established by usage.
अब्राह्मणो न ञि प्रोक्तः कुंभकारादिकः कृता
A non-Brahmin is not denoted by ñi; 'potter' and similar are formed with kṛta.
पञ्चगू रूपवद्भार्यो मध्याह्नः ससुतादिकः
'Pañcagū', 'one with a beautiful wife', 'midday', and 'one with a son', and the like, are so formed.
भिक्षामानय गां चापि वाक्यमेवानयोर्भवेत्
The expressions 'bring alms' and 'bring the cow' are both considered as sentences.
रामकृष्णं द्विज द्वै द्वै ब्रह्म चैकमुपास्यते
'Rāma-Kṛṣṇa', 'twice-born', 'two by two', and 'Brahman as one' are to be understood.
तत्पञ्चविधमाख्यातं वैदिकं धातुरूपकम्
Thus, five types of Vedic verbal forms have been explained.
विकारः क्वापि वर्णानां वर्णनाशः क्वचिन्मतः
Sometimes there is modification of sounds; sometimes, the loss of a sound is considered.
धातोर्योगातिशयी च संयोगः परिकीर्तितः
A union exceeding the root is called a special combination.
गूढोत्मा वर्णविकृतेर्वर्णनांशात्पृषोदरः
A hidden essence, a modification of a sound, or a portion of a sound, is called pṛṣodara.