कतमः कतरः संख्येयविशेषावधारणे
'Which' and 'which of two' are used for specifying numbers.
एतादशः कतिपयः कतिथः कति नारद
'So many,' 'a few,' 'how many times,' and 'how many,' O Nārada.
द्वेधा द्वैधा द्विधा संख्या प्रकारे ऽथ मुनीश्वर
'In two ways,' 'in duality,' 'in two parts'—these are modes of number, O best of sages.
द्वितयं त्रितपं चापि संख्यायां हि द्वयं त्रयम्
'A pair,' 'a triad,' and in number, 'two,' 'three.'
त्रैणः पौष्णस्तुण्डिभश्च वृन्दारककृषीवलौ
Traiṇa, Pauṣṇa, Tuṇḍibha, Vṛndāraka, and Kṛṣīvala.
अवटीटोवनाटे निबिडं चेक्षुशाकिनम्
Avaṭīṭa, Vanāṭa, Nibiḍa, and Cekṣuśākin.
विद्याथुञ्चुर्बहुतिथं पर्वतः शृङ्गिणस्तथा
Vidyāthuñcu, Bahutitha, Parvata, and Śṛṅgiṇa likewise,
चिल्लश्च चिपिटं चिक्वं वातूलः कुतपस्तथा
Cilla, Cipiṭa, Cikva, Vātūla, and Kutapa as well,
ऊर्णायुश्च मरूतश्चैकाकी चर्मण्वती तथा
Ūrṇāyu, Marūta, Ekākī, and also Carmaṇvatī,
आसंदी वञ्च चक्रीवत्तूष्णीकां जल्पतक्यपि
Āsaṃdī, Vañca, Cakrīvat, Tūṣṇīkā, and even Jalpatakī,
शन्तः शन्तिः शंयशन्तौ शंयोहंयुः शुभंयुवत्
Śanta, Śanti, Śaṃyaśanta, Śaṃyohaṃyu, and Śubhaṃyu,
भवति बगभूव भविता भविष्यति भवत्वभवद्भघवेच्चापि
Bhavati, Bagabhūva, Bhavitā, Bhaviṣyati, Bhavat, Abhavat, Bhagavat, and Bhavecca also,
अत्ति जघासात्तात्स्यत्यत्त्वाददद्याद्द्विरघसदात्स्यत्
Atti, Jaghāsa, Attāt, Syati, Attvā, Dadat, Dviraghasa, Dātsyat,
दिदेव देविता देविष्यति च अदीव्यद्दीव्येद्दीव्याद्वै
Dideva, Devitā, Deviṣyati, Adīvyat, Dīvyet, Dīvyāt indeed,
सुनोत्वसुनोत्सुनुयात्सूयादशावीदसोष्युत्तुदति च
Sunot, Asunot, Sunuyāt, Sūyāt, Aśāvit, Asoṣyat, Utudati also,
अतौत्सीदतोत्स्यदिति च रुणद्धि रूरोध रोद्धा रोत्स्यति वै
Ataut, Sīdat, Otsyat, Iti, Ruṇaddhi, Rūrodha, Roddhā, Rotsyati indeed,
तनोति ततान तनिता तनिष्यति तनोत्वतनोत्तनुयाद्धि
Tanoti, Tatāna, Tanitā, Taniṣyati, Tanot, Atanot, Tanuyāt indeed,
अक्रीणात्क्रीणात्क्रीणीयात्क्रीयादक्रैषीदक्रेष्यञ्चोरयति चोरयामास चोरयिता चोरयिष्यति चोरयतु
Akrīṇāt, Krīṇāt, Krīṇīyāt, Krīyāt, Akraiṣīt, Akreṣyat, Corayati, Corayāmāsa, Corayitā, Corayiṣyati, Corayatu,
क्रियासमभिहारे तु पण्डितो बोभूयते मुने
In the collection of actions, O sage, the learned one is called 'Bobhūyate'.
अनुदात्तञितो धातोः क्रियाविनिमये तथा
When the root has an anudātta accent, so also in the interchange of actions.
परस्मैपदमाख्यातं शेषात्कर्तारि शाब्दिकैः
The verb in the parasmaipada form is used for the agent, according to the grammarians, except for the rest.
सौकर्यातिशयं चैव यदाद्योतयितुं मुने
And, O sage, when there is a special ease or excellence to be indicated,
लभन्ते कर्तृते पश्य पच्यते ह्योदनः स्वयम्
See, in the agentive sense, they obtain; indeed, the rice is cooked by itself.
धातोः सकर्मकाद्भावे कर्मण्यपि लप्रत्ययाः
From a transitive root, in the sense of state or in the passive, the suffix 'la' is also used.
फलव्यापरयोरेकनिष्टतायामकर्मकः
When there is unity between the result and the action, it is called an action without a separate fruit.
गौणे कर्मणि द्रुह्यादेः प्रधाने नीहृकृष्वहाम्
In a secondary action, the main act is considered primary, while the subsidiary act, such as betrayal, is subordinate.
प्रयोज्य कर्मण्यन्येषां ण्यन्तानां लादयो मताः
The gains resulting from actions performed by others who are subordinate are regarded as belonging to the principal.
फले प्रधानं व्यापारस्तिर्ङ्थस्तु विशेषणम्
In the result, the main activity is primary, while the crossing over is considered an attribute.
भावे कर्मणि कृत्याः स्युः कृतः कर्तरि कीर्तिताः
When the action is in the state of being, it is called a kṛtyā; when completed, it is said to pertain to the agent.
गम्यादिगम्ये निर्दिष्टं शेषमद्यतने मतम्
In matters such as 'to be gone to' and similar, the remainder is specified according to the modern view.