द्विविधा गतिः पदान्तस्थितसंधिः सहोष्मभिः
The movement is twofold: the junction at the end of a word, together with aspiration.
स्वरान्तराविरतानि ह्रस्वदीर्घघुटानि च
The restrained intervals between notes are short, long, and abrupt.
दीप्तामुदात्ते जानीयाद्दीप्तां च स्वरिते विदुः
One should know brightness in the raised tone, and brightness also in the svarita, as the wise do.
उदात्तश्चानुदात्तश्च स्वरितप्रचिते तथा
There are raised, unraised, and those accumulated with svarita.
अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि आचिकस्य स्वरत्रयम्
Now I shall explain the three tones of accent in recitation.
य एवोदात्त इत्युक्तः स एव स्वरितात्परः
That which is called udātta is immediately followed by svarita.
वर्णस्वरो ऽतीतस्वरः स्वरितो द्विविधः स्मृतः
A syllable's accent, when it has passed beyond, is called svarita, and this is said to be of two kinds.
स तु सप्तविधो ज्ञेयः स्वरः प्रत्ययदर्शनात्
This svara should be understood as sevenfold, according to the indication of the context.
सप्तस्वरान्प्रयुञ्जीत दक्षिणं श्रवणं प्रति
One should apply the seven tones with respect to the right ear's hearing.
उच्चादुञ्चतरं नास्ति नीचान्नीचतरं तथा
There is nothing higher than the high, nor lower than the low.
उच्चनीचस्य यन्मध्ये साधारणमिति श्रुतिः
That which is between high and low is called 'neutral' by the tradition.
उदात्ते निषादगान्धारावनुदात्तें ऋषभधैवतो
In udātta are included niṣāda and gāndhāra; in anudātta, ṛṣabha and dhaivata.
यत्र कखपरा ऊष्मा जिह्वामूलप्रयोजनाः
Where gutturals, sibilants, and those pronounced from the root of the tongue occur,
जात्यः क्षैप्रो ऽभिनिहित स्तैरव्यञ्जन एव च
Born by nature, pronounced quickly, distinctly, and with stable consonants,
स्वराणामहमेतेषां पृथग्वक्ष्यामि लक्षणम्
I shall now separately describe the characteristics of these tones.
सपकारं सवं वापि ह्यक्षरं स्वरितं भवेत्
A syllable, whether with 'ka' or with 'va', may become svarita.
इउवर्णो यदोदात्तावापद्येते पवौ क्वचित्
Wherever the vowel 'i' becomes udātta, sometimes in 'pa' and 'va',
एओ आभ्यामुदात्ताभ्यामकारो निहितश्च यः
Wherever 'e' or 'o' arise from two udātta vowels, or where 'a' is pronounced distinctly,
उदात्तपूर्वे यत्किञ्चिच्छन्दसि स्वरितं भवेत्
Whatever follows an udātta in metre becomes svarita.
अवग्रहात्परं यत्र स्वरितं स्यादनन्तरम्
Wherever svarita occurs immediately after an avagraha,
इकारं यत्र पश्येयुरिकारेणैव संयुतम्
Wherever one sees the vowel 'i' joined with another 'i',
स्वरे चेत्स्वरितं यत्र विवृता यत्र संहिता
Wherever, in a tone, svarita occurs, whether open or in conjunction,
तान्यः स्वारः स जात्येन श्रुत्यग्रे क्षैप्र उच्यते
That note, by its nature, is called the primary accent at the beginning of the chant and is pronounced swiftly.
तिरोविरामो विष्कषिते प्रश्लिष्टो हीईगोवर्णः
A suppressed pause occurs when the sound is elided, and a blended note is called hīīgovarṇa.
उञ्चादेकाक्षरात्पूर्वात्स्वरं यद्यदिहाक्षरम्
If, before a single syllable raised in pitch, there is any other syllable here,
चत्वारस्त्वादितः स्वाराः कंषंपुंश्फुतिशास्त्रतः
There are four initial accents, known as kaṃṣa, puṃ, sphuti, according to the treatise.
इकारान्ते पदे पूर्व उकारे परतः स्थिते
When a word ends with 'i' and is followed by a word beginning with 'u',
इकारान्ते पदे चैवोकारद्वयं परे पदे
And when a word ends with 'i' and is followed by two 'u's in the next word,
त्रयो दीर्घास्तु विज्ञेया ये च संध्यक्षरेषु वै
Three long vowels are to be recognized, as well as those that occur in the junction of syllables.
अनेकानामुदात्तानामनुदात्तः प्रत्ययो यदि
If, among many raised syllables, there is a following unraised syllable,