ज्येष्ठासंमिश्रितं मूलं रोहिणी वह्निंसंयुता
Mūla joined with Jyeṣṭhā, and Rohiṇī joined with Agni—
ततः स्युस्तिथयः पुण्याः कर्मानुष्टानतो दिवा
Then, by performing the rites, those lunar days become auspicious during the day.
तिथिर्नक्षघत्रयोगेन या पुण्या परिकीर्तिता
A lunar day is called auspicious when it coincides with a specific star and conjunction.
उदयव्यापिनी ग्राह्या श्रवणद्वादशी व्रते
The Śravaṇa Dvādaśī vow should be observed when the lunar day extends into sunrise.
संक्रान्तिषु तु सर्वासु पुण्यकालोनिगद्यते
All solar transitions are declared to be auspicious times.
तत्र कर्कटको ज्ञेयो दक्षिणायनसंक्रमः
Among these, the transition into Cancer is known as the beginning of the southern course of the sun.
वृषभे वृश्चिके चैव सिंहे कुम्भे तथैव च
Likewise, in Taurus, Scorpio, Leo, and Aquarius,
तुलायां चैव मेषे च पूर्वतः परतस्तथा
And also in Libra and Aries, both before and after,
कन्यायां मिथुने चैव मीने धनुषि च द्विज
In Virgo, Gemini, Pisces, and Sagittarius, O twice-born,
माकरं संक्रमं प्राहुरुत्तरायणसंज्ञकम्
The transition into Capricorn is called the beginning of the northern course of the sun.
आदित्यशीतकिरणौ ग्राह्यावस्तङ्गतौ यदि
The sun and the moon should be considered when they are setting, if that occurs.
दृष्टचन्द्रा सिनीवाली नष्टचन्द्रा कुहूः स्मृता
When the moon is visible, it is called Sinīvālī; when it is not seen, it is known as Kuhū.
सिनीवालीं द्विजैर्ग्राह्या साग्निकैः श्राद्धकर्मणि
Sinīvālī should be chosen by twice-born men who perform śrāddha rites with fire.
अपराह्नद्वयव्यापिन्यमावास्यातिथिर्यदि
If the new moon day extends over two afternoons,
अमावास्या प्रतीता चेन्मध्याह्नात्परतो यदि
If the new moon is observed after midday,
अत्यन्तक्षयपक्षे तु परेद्युर्नापराह्नगा
In the case of an extremely waning fortnight, the next day should not be taken if it falls after afternoon.
अर्वाचीनक्षये चचैव सायाह्नव्यापिनी तथा
And if the waning is recent, it should also extend into the evening.
अत्यन्ततिथिवृद्धौ तु भूतविद्धां परित्यजेत्
When the lunar day is greatly increased, one should avoid those joined with the previous day.
यथार्वाचीनवृद्धौ तु संत्याज्या भूतसंयुताः
Likewise, when the increase is recent, those joined with the previous day should be abandoned.
मध्याह्नद्वितये व्यात्पा ह्यमावास्या तिथिर्यदि
If the new moon day extends over two middays,
अन्वाधानं प्रवक्ष्यामि संतः संपूर्णवर्वणि
I will now explain the procedure for anvādhāna, O noble ones, in full detail regarding the festival days.
पर्वणो यश्चतुर्थांश आद्याः प्रतिपदस्त्रयः
On festival days, the first three tithis are to be taken as a quarter portion each.
मध्याह्नद्वितये स्याताममावास्या च पूर्णिमा
There are two midday periods, as well as the new moon and full moon days.
परेद्युरेव विप्रेन्द्र सद्यः कालो विधीयते
O best of Brahmins, the prescribed time is set for the following day or immediately.
सद्यः कालः परेद्युः स्याज्ज्ञेयमेवं तिथिक्षये
The immediate time or the next day is to be understood thus, when the tithi expires.
दशमीसंयुता हॄन्तिपुण्यं जन्मत्रयार्जितम्
When the tenth tithi is combined, the merit acquired spans three births.
द्वादशी च त्रयोदश्यामस्ति चेत्सा परा स्मृता
If the twelfth tithi occurs on the thirteenth, it is considered superior.
त्रघयोदशी च रात्र्यन्ते तत्र वक्ष्यामि निर्णयम्
If the thirteenth tithi falls at the end of the night, I will declare the decision regarding that.
गृहस्थाः सिद्धिमिच्छन्ति यतो मोक्षं यतीश्वराः
Householders seek accomplishment, while ascetics desire liberation.
तदानीं दशमीविद्धाप्युपोष्यैकादशी तिथिः
At that time, even if the tenth tithi is mixed, one should fast on the eleventh tithi.