O wise Nārada, listen as the sacred knowledge of roots and words, their forms, and the science of calculation is recounted. There are seven roots, beginning with ‘kya’, that possess forms on both sides, as do those starting with ‘sautra’ and ‘staṃbhvādika’. Among the roots, twenty-two that begin with ‘kudhā’ are marked by the udātta accent, while the parasmaipada roots are to be taken with the svarita accent. Further, the roots from ‘cur’ to ‘ñy’ number one hundred and thirty-six. The roots beginning with ‘carcā’ and ending with ‘ādhṛṣīya’, as well as those ending in ‘py’, are also to be counted among these. Of special note, ten roots starting with ‘pad’ are declared to take the ātmanepada form. From the base word, a variety of usages arises, all in the sense of the root. The roots beginning with ‘citra’, which relate to agent and instrument, are included in this reckoning. Sixteen roots beginning with ‘stoma’ are also given, serving as examples of the ‘andatasya’ category. All these roots are considered to belong to all groups and express multiple meanings. This is but a summary; the detailed explanations are scattered throughout. Except for ‘vṛṅ’ and ‘vṛñ’, all roots ending in ‘a’ are to be excluded. The roots ‘bhañj’, ‘bhuj’, ‘bhrasj’, ‘mat’, ‘ji’, ‘yaj’, ‘yuj’, ‘ruj’, ‘rañj’, ‘avi’, ‘jir’, ‘svañj’, ‘isañj’, and ‘sṛja’ are enumerated, as well as ‘śad’, ‘sadī’, ‘svidyatiḥ’, ‘skandir’, ‘hadī’, ‘krudh’, ‘kṣudhi’, and ‘budhyatī’. There are also ‘manyah’, ‘annā’, ‘pkṣip’, ‘chupita’, ‘ptipa’, ‘stṛpyati’, and ‘dṛpyatī’. Roots such as ‘kruśi’, ‘daṃśi’, ‘diśī’, ‘dṛś’, ‘mṛśi’, ‘ruś’, ‘liś’, ‘viś’, ‘spṛśaḥ’, and ‘kṛṣiḥ’ are included, along with ‘vasati’, ‘dahati’, ‘hiduho’, ‘nahmih’, ‘ruhli’, and ‘hvahi’. Among words, there are the indeclinables called ‘cādyā’, and ‘gavayaḥ’; ‘prādyā’ arise from direction, place, and time. The recitation of groups, aphorisms, and roots is established, encompassing both Vedic and worldly words, O Nārada. By concise methods, the proper words are determined, shaped through base, suffix, substitution, elision, and addition. Yet, because of their vastness and infinite forms, no one can speak them all, O Nārada. Now, hear of the knowledge by which people accomplish dharma. This includes calculation, the casting of horoscopes, and collections known as Skandha. It encompasses inquiry into eclipses—lunar and solar—and the Udāsya. Within horoscopes, there are divisions of signs, the origins of planets, and matters of birth. Actions, life, the eight groups, royal yogas, and celestial combinations are described. The results of planetary positions and the various supporting yogas are also included. There is the determination of lost births and the characteristics of the Dreṣkāṇa. The conjunctions of lunar day, day, star, and those known as half-tithi are considered, as are the waxing and waning of the moon and the seasons of all lunar mansions. The rites and ceremonies—such as the first cutting of hair, piercing of the ears, tonsure, and binding with a knife—are described, as well as the auspicious times for beginning journeys, entering places, sudden rain, and special actions. In matters of calculation, one, ten, a hundred, a thousand, ten thousand, and a hundred thousand are reckoned, along with the ‘niravara’, the ‘mahāpadma’, the ‘shaṅku’, and the ocean itself. Whether in sequence or not, combinations are made according to the desired result. When the divisor is pure, O sage, the quotient is multiplied by the last remainder to obtain the result. If the last is odd, leaving aside the odd, the root should be set apart. That product, O Brahmin, is then to be abandoned and divided again by the root. Thus, O Nārada, is the sacred science of roots, words, and calculation, by which dharma is accomplished and the mysteries of the world are revealed.