O wise one, listen as the venerable text unfolds the intricate classification of verbal roots, their accents, and their voices, as revealed to Nārada. Firstly, there is a group of roots beginning with ‘dyutā’ and others, numbering twenty-two in all, which are regarded as anudātta, marked by the lower accent. Following these, another collection, starting with ‘jvalad’ and comprising fifty-two roots, are marked as udātta, carrying the high accent. Among these, those called anudātta are verbs, yet the roots beginning with ‘bhā’ and ‘dyut’ from this point onward are considered udātta. There is also a group of roots starting with ‘sad’ and ‘āśraya’ that are udātta, as are those beginning with ‘kucād’ and ‘veda’. Then, the roots beginning with ‘svarit’, ‘icch’, and ‘bhṛñ’—four in number—are classified as svarita, bearing the mixed accent. There is a special set beginning with ‘aṣṭādaśa’ which are to be used in the ātmanepada, the middle voice. The roots beginning with ‘hṛ’ are parasmaipada, that is, they take the active voice. Meanwhile, the three roots ‘gup’, ‘ā’, and ‘tra’ are found in both voices. Fifteen roots beginning with ‘skaṃbh’ are also considered parasmaipada. The group starting with ‘pac’ and others, marked by the svarita accent, are likewise parasmaipada. There is a great collection beginning with ‘bhū’ and others, amounting to one thousand and six roots, which are all considered foundational roots. Among these, the group beginning with ‘dviṣ’—four in number—are roots bearing the svarita accent. Thirteen roots beginning with ‘ir’ are anudātta roots. Seven roots beginning with ‘ṣu’ are declared to be parasmaipada. Three roots beginning with ‘ghu’ are also counted as parasmaipada. The single root ‘ṣṭuñ’ is well known among grammarians, O Nārada. The root ‘iṅ’ is said to be exclusively ātmanepada, while the root ‘ñiṣ’, meaning ‘to sleep’, is counted as parasmaipada. According to tradition, the roots ‘dī’, ‘dhī’, ‘ve’, and ‘hve’ are considered to be in the ātmanepada. The root ‘hnu’, when spoken with the anudātta accent, is said to be carkarīta, O best of sages. The roots beginning with ‘dā’ are regarded as parasmaipada in the Vedas. The roots ‘mā’, ‘hā’, and ‘dva’, when marked by the anudātta accent, are considered svarita within the group of ‘dāna’ roots. In the same way, twelve roots beginning with ‘ghṛ’ are regarded as parasmaipada, and twenty-five roots beginning with ‘div’ are also declared parasmaipada. Seven roots beginning with ‘pū’ are considered to be ātmanepada, while those beginning with ‘syati’ are parasmaipada. Five roots beginning with ‘mṛṣ’ are mentioned as svarita. Here, the root ‘rādhu’ is karmaka, and so are those beginning with ‘svādi’ and ‘curādi’ in the vṛddhi class. Eight roots beginning with ‘radh’ are counted as parasmaipada. Four hundred roots are included in the ‘div’ group. The seven roots beginning with ‘dunoti’ are parasmaipada, O sage, and fourteen roots beginning with ‘tika’ are also parasmaipada. O best of sages, six roots beginning with ‘tud’ are said to be svarita. One hundred and five roots beginning with ‘vraśc’ are declared udātta. The four roots beginning with ‘ṇu’ are also parasmaipada. The roots ‘pṛṅ’ and ‘mṛṅ’ are used in the ātmanepada, and six roots beginning with ‘ri’ are parasmaipada. O sage, the sixteen roots called ‘pracchādi’ are all in the parasmaipada form, and similarly, roots beginning with ‘kṛti’ are considered parasmaipada. The root ‘kṛti’, when spoken with the svarita accent, is classified as parasmaipada, as are ‘rudha’ and ‘nandā’. Twenty-five roots beginning with ‘udātta’, ‘śiṣ’, ‘piṣ’, ‘rudh’, and others are so designated. In the forms ‘manu’, ‘van’, and ‘ātman’, the root is spoken with the svarita accent and is thus called ‘kṛñ’. Thus, O seeker of wisdom, is the sacred classification of roots, their accents, and their voices, as preserved by the tradition and revered by the learned.