Listen, O noble one, to the wisdom handed down regarding the subtle nuances of words and roots within the sacred tradition. The term ‘gati’ is not limited to what is near; even those that are remote are encompassed by its meaning. Likewise, those expressions deemed undecidable, as well as those beginning with phrases like ‘for conception’ and similar, are included in this understanding. Should the lawgiver wish to create an exception among these, it is achieved through abundance—multiplicity allows for such distinctions. Certain words, such as ‘night’, ‘vimbī’, ‘kadrū’, and ‘aviṣṭu’, are found specifically among the Vājasaneyins. The gods themselves, and that One who holds supremacy over all deities, are counted within this scope. A prayer arises: “May you both cleanse us; may no harm come to us from our mouths as well.” Furthermore, expressions like ‘with gold’ and ‘the man’ in the highest heaven are included, as are phrases such as ‘Sacrifice to him’, ‘we approach’, and ‘having bathed, having gone, cook the bones.’ Actions and states are described: one may see, may place, may become; one may measure and may increase. Forms beginning with ‘he supports’, and those like ‘he begets’, as well as ‘place (it)’, are also counted. Words like ‘charioteer’ and ‘not a charioteer’, those beginning with ‘nasat’, and terms such as ‘amnarbhuva’, ‘ratha’, and others, are included in this enumeration. Expressions of giving and possession—‘having given’, ‘having possessed’, ‘having one’s own’, ‘with sons’, and ‘praised by men’—are also part of this tradition. From the fourfold abundance, both activity and inactivity arise, showing the interplay of action and rest. The roots beginning with ‘bhū’ are known as belonging to the parasmaipada, following the tradition. Similarly, roots beginning with ‘at’ and thirty-eight others are declared parasmaipada. Fifty roots, beginning with ‘phak’, are enumerated as bearing the udātta accent. The roots beginning with ‘gup’, forty-two in number, also have the udātta accent. Likewise, twenty-seven roots beginning with ‘aṇ’ are marked udātta, and seventy-two roots beginning with ‘mavya’ and ‘mukhā’ are bound by the udātta accent. The group beginning with ‘kṣudhā’ and others, fifty-two in number, are recited as anudātta, and the group beginning with ‘dyutā’, twenty-two in number, are also considered anudātta. After this, the group beginning with ‘jvalad’, totaling fifty-two, are marked as udātta. Those called anudātta are verbs, while those beginning with ‘bhā’ and ‘dyut’ are from here considered udātta. The group beginning with ‘sad’ and ‘āśraya’ are udātta, as are those beginning with ‘kucād’ and ‘veda’. The group beginning with ‘svarit’, ‘icch’, and ‘bhṛñ’, numbering four, are considered svarita. Roots beginning with ‘aṣṭādaśa’ are classified as ātmanepada. Roots beginning with ‘hṛ’ are parasmaipada, and the three roots ‘gup’, ‘ā’, and ‘tra’ are used in both voices. Fifteen roots beginning with ‘skaṃbh’ are also considered parasmaipada. The group beginning with ‘pac’ and others, marked as svarita, are considered parasmaipada. The group beginning with ‘bhū’ and others, numbering one thousand and six, are recognized as roots. The group beginning with ‘dviṣ’ and others, four in number, are roots with svarita accent. The group beginning with ‘ir’ and others, thirteen in number, are anudātta roots. Seven roots beginning with ‘ṣu’ are declared to be parasmaipada, and three roots beginning with ‘ghu’ are likewise enumerated as parasmaipada. The single root ‘ṣṭuñ’ is well known among grammarians, O Nārada. The root ‘iṅ’ is declared to be exclusively ātmanepada. The root ‘ñiṣ’, meaning ‘to sleep’, is counted as parasmaipada. The roots ‘dī’, ‘dhī’, ‘ve’, and ‘hve’ are considered to be in the ātmanepada according to tradition. The root ‘hnu’, when used in the anudātta accent, is said to be carkarīta. Roots beginning with ‘dā’ are regarded as parasmaipada in the Vedas. Thus, O wise one, is the tradition of roots, their voices, and their accents, preserved and handed down by the sages, illuminating the path of language and sacred utterance.