When the prescribed rites are performed in this way, all sins are undoubtedly destroyed. A brāhmaṇa, after arranging his hair in proper order, should thoughtfully consider the means of his livelihood. At night, when he needs to relieve himself of urine or feces, he should do so facing south. While carrying wood in one hand, the twice-born should remain silent, just as they should in the shade of a tree, in the wilderness, or near a fire. Likewise, silence and restraint are to be observed near brāhmaṇas, cows, enclosures, or women; in such places, passing urine or feces must be strictly avoided. For those who lack purity of conduct, all actions become fruitless. External purity is to be attained with clay and water, while internal purity arises from the right disposition of the mind. One should not use clay that has been dug up by mice or similar creatures, nor clay that is of excessively fine quality. Instead, purification should be performed carefully, using auspicious clay. This is the method of purification after relieving oneself, as declared by the wise. For cleansing the feet, three separate lumps of clay should be used. This is the standard for a householder; for a student, the quantity is doubled. In one’s own residence, complete cleanliness must be maintained, and when on the road, half that effort suffices, O best of sages. A discerning person should always cleanse in a way that removes all odor and dirt. For all who observe vows, a standard of purity akin to that of ascetics is prescribed. Once purification is thus completed, one should, with full concentration, drink water three or four times—ensuring it is free from any smell, foam, or other impurities. With the thumb and forefinger joined, one should touch both nostrils; with the thumb and little finger joined, the navel is to be touched. Using the palm or fingertips, the shoulders should then be touched as well. Next, one should chew a tooth-stick that still has its bark and is taken from an appropriate tree. After washing it with water or consecrating it with a mantra, one should pray: “O tree, grant me Brahman, wisdom, and intelligence from yourself.” For a Kshatriya, the tooth-stick should be nine finger-breadths long; for a Vaishya, eight finger-breadths. If a suitable tooth-stick cannot be found, one should rinse the mouth with water, using as much as would fill the disk of the sun. Taking the stick with the left hand, one should rub the left canine tooth. After scraping the tongue with these two, and having restrained the senses, one should then proceed to bathe at the beginning of a river or in pure water. There, bowing to the sacred fords and invoking their presence from the solar orb, one should bathe—remembering the auspicious mantras and the sacred fords of Brahma. Calling upon the holy rivers—“O Narmada, Sindhu, Kaveri—make your presence in these waters”—one prays that the highly fortunate ones may always come at the time of bathing. Know that the city of Dvaravati is sacred and bestows liberation upon the righteous. After completing the bathing rites and making offerings to the ancestors, one should offer arghya to the Sun. Then, putting on a washed, unhemmed garment and wrapping a second garment around oneself, facing northeast, and having sipped water with the Gayatri mantra, O twice-born, one should sprinkle and wash oneself thoroughly with water. Finally, one should sprinkle pure water on the head, reciting the sacred vyahritis beginning with ‘bhur,’ thus completing the ritual in purity and reverence.