To the Lord of knowledge, who is both the knower and the known, and who possesses perfect understanding, I offer my reverence. He is the Lord of meditation, whose true form is both the wise meditator and the object of meditation, as well as meditation itself. Endowed with such power, He is the unborn and ancient Lord, the eternal One who is the subject of all praise—before Him, I bow always. He is called Rudra at the end of the aeon, the God whose feet are honored by the wise. To that unborn One, I devote myself fully. Resplendent in His supreme abode, He is the primeval Vishnu, and in Him I seek refuge. He is the cause of all embodied beings, whose very nature arises from will itself; to Him alone, I always turn for refuge. This is the God who delights the earth and the sacred rivers, known as Vāsudeva, to whom I bow continually. It was He who protected His devotee Prahlāda by tearing apart the enemy—this unborn Lord I honor with all my heart. He is the Creator of the world, actionless and supreme, the ancient Person, and before Him I bow. Though He takes on diverse forms of His own will, He remains one Lord; to that original Self, I bow and worship. All beings enter into Him and from Him all emerge—He is my refuge. Unattached and complete in Himself, I have sought refuge in Him. He is the supreme, pure One, unknowable and beyond reach, and to Him I have surrendered. The Self of knowledge, shining everywhere, is the One in whom I have sought refuge. For the welfare of the gods, He became Kūrma, the Tortoise, and in Him I have sought refuge. He upheld the entire world as Varāha, the Boar, and to Him I bow. He tore apart His enemies as Narasimha, and to that mighty form I offer my reverence. From Brahma’s world down to His very feet, I bow to that unconquered One among the gods. He who shattered the lineage of kshatriyas, the son of Jamadagni, I bow to Him. He who destroyed the hosts of rakshasas, I bow to Rama Chandra. He who abandoned His own clan, I worship as Shri Krishna. Those who see the pure and spotless Lord, I worship Him with devotion. He who established dharma at the beginning of the age, to Him I bow. He cannot be counted, even in millions of ages—I worship Him, who is beyond all reckoning. How can gods, demons, or Manus truly worship Him? Yet I, though insignificant, offer my worship. Those who attain purity—how can I, of little understanding, praise Him adequately? Even sinners are purified by Him; faith in Him brings liberation and purification. Those who see Him as the very form of knowledge, to Him I have taken refuge. I worship that primeval, ageless God, the embodiment of knowledge. I salute Hari, the thousand-headed God, whose essence is feeling and awareness. He who stood measuring ten fingers, the ageless Lord, I worship Him. Again and again, I bow to the God who is the deepest secret among all secrets. I salute the Supreme Person, who grants His own abode to the worthy. The great sages, accompanied by Narada, Sanandana, and others, have attained His supreme realm. One whose soul is purified from all sins attains the realm of Vishnu. And now, O Sanaka, I turn to you, for you are all-knowing and truly qualified to teach. By Him, this entire universe—both the unmoving and the moving—has been pervaded. Assuming the distinctions of qualities, He manifested the triad of forms. In the middle, O sage, is the seat called Rudra, which brings about the end of the world. Some always declare Vishnu as the highest truth, while others speak of Brahma.