In the sacred teachings, it is explained that twice-born men may remove sin in certain circumstances by approaching prostitutes. If a Brahmin has committed the grave act of going to his teacher's wife, he must undertake the prescribed expiation to cleanse himself. The scriptures further detail the consequences and remedies for harm caused to cows. If someone strikes a cow above the staff and causes it to fall, and if the wound is as small as a thumb or as large as the forearm, or if the act results in the birth of a fetus, specific penances are required. Even in cases of binding, confining, injuring, or causing pain to cows, or if a cow faints, falls, or is struck with a staff, the person must address their actions. Should the cow eat food or drink water while in such a state, or if cows are killed with wood, clods, stones, or weapons, the scripture prescribes penances: striking with wood requires the Sāntapana penance, while striking with clods calls for the Prājāpatya penance. To make amends, one should offer medicine, oil, or food to cows and Brahmins. When oil is taken as medicine or medicinal substances are consumed, or when calves are tied at the neck or a medicinal procedure is performed, certain rituals must be observed. For the foot, all hair is to be removed; for the two legs, only the beard is taken. After removing all the hair from the body, two fingers’ breadth should be cut off. However, a woman should not be shaved, nor is the heroic posture prescribed for her. Whether the person is a king, prince, or learned Brahmin, a double penance is required for purifying the hair, and after performing it, the offering for the penance must also be doubled. If someone prescribes a penance not sanctioned by Śruti or Smṛti, the king must not harass such persons out of desire or delusion. After completing the penance, a meal should be arranged for Brahmins. The texts also address impurity from contact with worms born from grass, or from the fall of flies and similar creatures. After performing the penance and feeding the best of the twice-born, if one is touched at night by a Caṇḍāla or an outcaste, bathing is prescribed. If someone unknowingly spends the night in such a place, when the stars rise and the planets appear above, and in the paths within water, ant-hills, or mouse-holes, a Brahmin should diligently perform acts of sacrifice and charity. Charitable offerings are considered wealth given, and a pond is regarded as a charitable work. Reservoirs, wells, ponds, and temples for deities are all acts of merit. To purify, one should bring the urine of a white cow and the dung of a black cow. From a tawny cow, ghee should be taken, for it destroys great sins. These items are brought and lifted with the sacred syllable 'Om', and placed on the middle leaf of the palāśa tree, in a vessel made of auspicious copper. When impurity arises at birth, and when a second such occasion occurs, the one who is born purifies the impurity of birth, and the one who dies purifies the impurity of death. For the discharge of the fetus, three days are prescribed in the month. When her menses have ceased, the virtuous woman, though menstruating, is purified by bathing. For her, the offering of rice-balls and water must be performed according to her husband's lineage. Thus, the sacred text lays out the means of atonement, purification, and charity for those who have erred, guiding them back to righteousness through prescribed rituals and acts of compassion.