चतुरशीतिकैश्चैव कलिजैरङ्गुलैः स्मृतम् आ पादतलमस्तको नवतालो भवेत्तु यः
It is said that, in the Kali age, the measure from the soles of the feet to the top of the head is ninety-four angulas.
संहृत्याजानुबाहुश्च दैवतैरभिपूज्यते गवां च हस्तिनां चैव महिषस्थावरात्मनाम्
With arms reaching the knees withdrawn, such a form is especially honored by the gods, as well as among cows, elephants, buffaloes, and immobile beings.
क्रमेणैतेन विज्ञेये ह्रासवृद्धी युगे युगे षट्सप्तत्यङ्गुलोत्सेधः पशुर् आककुदो भवेत्
By this measure, the increase and decrease in each age should be understood; in the animal called ākakuda, the height is seventy-six angulas.
अङ्गुलानामष्टशतम् उत्सेधो हस्तिनां स्मृतः अङ्गुलानां सहस्रं तु द्विचत्वारिंशदङ्गुलम्
The height of elephants is said to be one hundred and eight angulas, and for them, a thousand angulas plus forty-two angulas.
शतार्धमङ्गुलानां तु ह्य् उत्सेधः शाखिनां परः मानुषस्य शरीरस्य संनिवेशस्तु यादृशः
The highest height of trees is one hundred and fifty angulas; the arrangement of the human body is as described.
तल्लक्षणं तु देवानां दृश्यते ऽन्वयदर्शनात् बुद्ध्यातिशयसंयुक्तो देवानां काय उच्यते
Such is the characteristic seen in the gods, as observed in their lineage; the body of the gods is said to be endowed with exceptional intelligence.
तथा नातिशयश्चैव मानुषः काय उच्यते इत्येव हि परिक्रान्ता भावा ये दिव्यमानुषाः
Likewise, the human body is said to be without such excellence; thus, all those who possess divine or human qualities are encompassed.
पशूनां पक्षिणां चैव स्थावराणां च सर्वशः गावो ऽजाश्वाश्च विज्ञेया हस्तिनः पक्षिणो मृगाः
Among all animals, birds, and immobile beings, cows, goats, horses, elephants, birds, and deer should be understood.
उपयुक्ताः क्रियास्वेते यज्ञियास्त्विह सर्वशः यथाक्रमोपभोगाश्च देवानां पशुमूर्तयः
All these are used in rituals and are fit for sacrifice here; in due order, the forms of animals are enjoyed by the gods.
तेषां रूपानुरूपैश्च प्रमाणैः स्थिरजङ्गमाः मनोज्ञैस्तत्र तैर्भोगैः सुखिनो ह्युपपेदिरे
According to the forms and proper measures of these stationary and moving beings, they attained happiness through those delightful enjoyments.
अथ शिष्टान्प्रवक्ष्यामि साधूनथ ततश्च वै ब्राह्मणाः श्रुतिशब्दाश्च देवानां पशुमूर्तयः संयुज्य ब्रह्मणा ह्यन्तस् तेन सन्तः प्रचक्षते
Now I shall declare the remaining ones, the virtuous, and then the Brāhmaṇas and the words of revelation, which are the forms of animals among the gods, united within Brahman, as the virtuous declare.
सामान्येषु च धर्मेषु तथा वैशिषिकेषु च ब्रह्मक्षत्रविशो युक्ताः श्रौतस्मार्तेन कर्मणा
In both common and special duties, Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas are engaged in Vedic and Smṛti-based actions.
वर्णाश्रमेषु युक्तस्य सुखोदर्कस्य स्वर्गतौ श्रौतस्मार्तो हि यो धर्मो ज्ञानधर्मः स उच्यते
For one established in the orders and stages of life, whose end is happiness and heaven, the Vedic and Smṛti-based dharma is called the dharma of knowledge.
दिव्यानां साधनात्साधुर् ब्रह्मचारी गुरोर्हितः कारणात्साधनाच्चैव गृहस्थः साधुरुच्यते
He who pursues the means of the divine is virtuous; the celibate student devoted to his teacher is virtuous; and, because of purpose and means, the householder is also called virtuous.
तपसश्च तथारण्ये साधुर्वैखानसः स्मृतः यतमानो यतिः साधुः स्मृतो योगस्य साधनात्
Likewise, the Vaikhānasa, who practices austerity in the forest, is remembered as virtuous; the striving ascetic is called virtuous because of his pursuit of yoga.
धर्मो धर्मगतिः प्रोक्तः शब्दो ह्येष क्रियात्मकः कुशलाकुशलौ चैव धर्माधर्मौ ब्रवीत्प्रभुः
Dharma is said to be the course of righteousness; this word is of the nature of action. The Lord declares both skillful and unskillful actions as dharma and adharma.
अथ देवाश्च पितर ऋषयश्चैव मानुषाः अयं धर्मो ह्ययं नेति ब्रुवते मौनमूर्तिना
Then the gods, ancestors, seers, and humans say, 'This is dharma, this is not,' by means of the form of silence.
धर्मेति धारणे धातुर् महत्त्वे चैव उच्यते आधारणे महत्त्वे वा धर्मः स तु निरुच्यते
The root 'dhṛ' in 'dharma' means to support, and also to be great; thus, dharma is explained as that which supports or is great.
तत्रेष्टप्रापको धर्म आचार्यैरुपदिश्यते अधर्मश्चानिष्टफल आचार्यैर्नोपदिश्यते
There, the righteous path that leads to desired results is taught by teachers; the unrighteous path, which brings undesired outcomes, is not taught by teachers.
वृद्धाश्चालोलुपाश्चैव आत्मवन्तो ह्यदाम्भिकाः सम्यग्विनीता मृदवस् तानाचार्यान्प्रचक्षते
Elders and those free from greed, self-controlled, without deceit, properly disciplined and gentle—such teachers are recognized.
धर्मज्ञैर्विहितो धर्मः श्रौतस्मार्तो द्विजातिभिः दाराग्निहोत्रसम्बन्धम् इज्या श्रौतस्य लक्षणम्
The dharma established by those who know righteousness, based on Vedic and traditional authority, is practiced by the twice-born; its mark is connection with wife, sacred fire, and ritual worship.
स्मार्तो वर्णाश्रमाचारो यमैश्च नियमैर्युतः पूर्वेभ्यो वेदयित्वेह श्रौतं सप्तर्षयो ऽब्रुवन्
The tradition based on memory is the conduct of caste and stage of life, accompanied by restraints and observances; the ancient sages declared the Vedic tradition here, having known the Vedas.
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि ब्रह्मणो ऽङ्गानि वै श्रुतिः मन्वन्तरस्यातीतस्य स्मृत्वा तन्मनुरब्रवीत्
The hymns, formulas, and chants are the limbs of Brahman, indeed the revelation; recalling the past age, Manu spoke thus.
तस्मात्स्मार्तः सूतो धर्मो वर्णाश्रमविभागशः एवं वै द्विविधो धर्मः शिष्टाचारः स उच्यते
Therefore, the tradition based on memory is the righteous path, divided according to caste and stage of life; thus, dharma is of two kinds, and the conduct of the learned is so called.
शिषेर् धातोश्च निष्ठान्ताच् छिष्टशब्दं प्रचक्षते मन्वन्तरेषु ये शिष्टा इह तिष्ठन्ति धार्मिकाः
From the root 'śiṣ', meaning 'to instruct', the term 'śiṣṭa' is derived; those who are learned and righteous remain here in each age.
मनुः सप्तर्षयश्चैव लोकसंतानकारिणः तिष्ठन्तीह च धर्मार्थं ताञ्छिष्टान्सम्प्रचक्षते
Manu and the seven sages, who preserve the world, remain here for the sake of righteousness; these are called the learned.
तैः शिष्टैश्चलितो धर्मः स्थाप्यते वै युगे युगे त्रयी वार्त्ता दण्डनीतिः प्रजावर्णाश्रमेप्सया
By those learned ones, when dharma declines, it is restored in every age; the threefold Veda, agriculture, and law enforcement are pursued according to the desire of people in caste and stage of life.
शिष्टैराचर्यते यस्मात् पुनश्चैव मनुक्षये पूर्वैःपूर्वैर्मतत्वाच्च शिष्टाचारः स शाश्वतः
Because the learned practice it, and again, when Manu passes, it is established by successive generations; thus, the conduct of the learned is eternal.
दानं सत्यं तपो लोको विद्येज्या पूजनं दमः अष्टौ तानि चरित्राणि शिष्टाचारस्य लक्षणम्
Giving, truthfulness, austerity, service, learning, worship, self-restraint—these eight are the marks of the conduct of the learned.
शिष्टा यस्माच्चरन्त्येनं मनुः सप्तर्षयश्च ह मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु शिष्टाचारस्ततः स्मृतः
Because Manu and the seven sages practice it, in all ages, the conduct of the learned is thus remembered.