चत्वारि नियुतानि स्युर् वर्षाणि तु कलिर्युगम् द्वात्रिंशच्च तथान्यानि सहस्राणि तु संख्यया एतत्कलियुगं प्रोक्तं मानुषेण प्रमाणतः
There are four niyutas of years for the Kali Yuga, and thirty-two thousand more by count; this is declared as the Kali Yuga according to human measure.
एषा चतुर्युगावस्था मानुषेण प्रकीर्तिता चतुर्युगस्य संख्याता संध्या संध्यांशकैः सह
This is the fourfold yuga sequence as declared in human reckoning, the count of the four yugas together with their twilights and twilight portions.
एषा चतुर्युगाख्या तु साधिका त्वेकसप्ततिः कृतत्रेतादियुक्ता सा मनोरन्तरमुच्यते
This four-yuga cycle, with its additional years, is said to be seventy-one; joined with Krita, Treta, and the rest, it is called a Manvantara.
मन्वन्तरस्य संख्या तु मानुषेण निबोधत एकत्रिंशत्तथा कोट्यः संख्याताः संख्यया द्विजैः
Now hear the reckoning of a Manvantara in human terms: thirty-one kotis are counted by the twice-born as its number.
तथा शतसहस्राणि दश चान्यानि भागशः सहस्राणि तु द्वात्रिंशच् छतान्यष्टाधिकानि च
And ten hundred thousand more, divided in parts; and thirty-two thousand, and eight hundred more by count.
अशीतिश्चैव वर्षाणि मासाश्चैवाधिकास्तु षट् मन्वन्तरस्य संख्यैषा मानुषेण प्रकीर्तिता
And eighty years, and six additional months—this is the reckoning of a Manvantara as declared in human terms.
दिव्येन च प्रमाणेन प्रवक्ष्याम्यन्तरं मनोः सहस्राणां शतान्याहुः स च वै परिसंख्यया
Now, by the divine measure, I will speak of the interval between Manus: it is said to be one hundred thousand by count.
चत्वारिंशत्सहस्राणि मनोरन्तरमुच्यते मन्वन्तरस्य कालस्तु युगैः सह प्रकीर्तितः
Forty thousand is called the duration of a Manvantara; the time of a Manvantara is declared together with the yugas.
एषा चतुर्युगाख्या तु साधिका ह्येकसप्ततिः क्रमेण परिवृत्ता सा मनोरन्तरमुच्यते
This four-yuga cycle, with its additional years, is indeed seventy-one in order; when completed in sequence, it is called a Manvantara.
एतच्चतुर्दशगुणं कल्पमाहुस्तु तद्विदः ततस्तु प्रलयः कृत्स्नः स तु संप्रलयो महान्
Those who know declare that a kalpa is fourteen times this; after that, the entire dissolution occurs, which is the great dissolution.
कल्पप्रमाणो द्विगुणो यथा भवति संख्यया चतुर्युगाख्या व्याख्याता कृतं त्रेतायुगं च वै
The measure of a kalpa is twice as much, as reckoned by number; the four-yuga cycle has been explained—Krita and Treta Yugas as well.
त्रेतासृष्टं प्रवक्ष्यामि द्वापरं कलिमेव च युगपत्समवेतौ द्वौ द्विधा वक्तुं न शक्यते
I will now explain the creation of Treta, and also Dvapara and Kali; since the two occur together, it is not possible to speak of them separately.
क्रमागतं मयाप्येतत् तुभ्यं नोक्तं युगद्वयम् ऋषिवंशप्रसङ्गेन व्याकुलत्वात्तथा क्रमात्
This matter, which has come in due order, I too did not tell you for two yugas, due to being preoccupied with the lineage of the sages and thus, step by step.
नोक्तं त्रेतायुगे शेषं तद्वक्ष्यामि निबोधत अथ त्रेतायुगस्यादौ मनुः सप्तर्षयश्च ये श्रौतस्मार्तं ब्रुवन्धर्मं ब्रह्मणा तु प्रचोदिताः
The remainder was not told in the Tretā Yuga; I will now tell it—listen. At the beginning of the Tretā Yuga, Manu and the seven sages, prompted by Brahmā, declared the dharma, both Vedic and traditional.
दाराग्निहोत्रसम्बन्धम् ऋग्यजुःसामसंहिताः इत्यादिबहुलं श्रौतं धर्मं सप्तर्षयो ऽब्रुवन्
The seven sages proclaimed the śrauta dharma, abundant in matters such as marriage, the sacred fire, and the collections of Ṛg, Yajur, and Sāma Veda.
परम्परागतं धर्मं स्मार्तं त्वाचारलक्षणम् वर्णाश्रमाचारयुतं मनुः स्वायम्भुवो ऽब्रवीत्
But Manu Svāyambhuva declared the traditional dharma, characterized by conduct, handed down through succession, and joined with the practices of varṇa and āśrama.
सत्येन ब्रह्मचर्येण श्रुतेन तपसा तथा तेषां सुतप्ततपसाम् आर्षेणानुक्रमेण ह
Through truthfulness, celibacy, study, and austerity, and in the same way, by the intense austerities of those sages, in proper succession, indeed.
सप्तर्षीणां मनोश्चैव आदौ त्रेतायुगे ततः अबुद्धिपूर्वकं तेन सकृत्पूर्वकमेव च
At the beginning of the Tretā Yuga, from the seven sages and Manu, then, both unintentionally and also once intentionally, it happened thus.
अभिवृत्तास्तु ते मन्त्रा दर्शनैस्तारकादिभिः आदिकल्पे तु देवानां प्रादुर्भूतास्तु ते स्वयम्
Those mantras increased through visions such as Tāraka and others; in the first kalpa, they appeared spontaneously among the gods.
प्रमाणेष्वथ सिद्धानाम् अन्येषां च प्रवर्तते मन्त्रयोगो व्यतीतेषु कल्पेष्वथ सहस्रशः ते मन्त्रा वै पुनस्तेषां प्रतिमायामुपस्थिताः
Then, among the authorities, among the perfected beings and others, the practice of mantra-yoga prevails; in past kalpas, those mantras appeared by the thousands, and again they are present in their images.
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि मन्त्राश्चाथर्वणास्तु ये सप्तर्षिभिश्च ये प्रोक्ताः स्मार्तं तु मनुरब्रवीत्
The Ṛg, Yajus, Sāman, and Atharvan mantras, and those declared by the seven sages—Manu declared the traditional dharma.
त्रेतादौ संहता वेदाः केवलं धर्मसेतवः संरोधादायुषश्चैव व्यस्यन्ते द्वापरे च ते ऋषयस्तपसा वेदान् अहोरात्रमधीयते
At the beginning of the Tretā, the Vedas were united, being the sole foundation of dharma; but due to the restraint of lifespan, in the Dvāpara they were divided. The sages, through austerity, studied the Vedas day and night.
अनादिनिधना दिव्याः पूर्वं प्रोक्ताः स्वयम्भुवा स्वधर्मसंवृताः साङ्गा यथाधर्मं युगे युगे विक्रियन्ते स्वधर्मं तु वेदवादाद्यथायुगम्
The divine Vedas, without beginning or end, were formerly declared by Svayambhū, complete with their limbs and established in their own dharma; in each yuga, they change according to dharma, and their own dharma, as taught by the Vedas, varies with each age.
आरम्भयज्ञः क्षत्रस्य हविर्यज्ञा विशः स्मृताः परिचारयज्ञाः शूद्राश्च जपयज्ञाश्च ब्राह्मणाः
The initiation sacrifice is for the kṣatriyas; the havis-sacrifices are said to be for the vaiśyas; the service-sacrifices are for the śūdras; and the recitation-sacrifices are for the brāhmaṇas.
ततः समुदिता वर्णास् त्रेतायां धर्मशालिनः क्रियावन्तः प्रजावन्तः समृद्धाः सुखिनश्च वै
Then, in the Tretā Yuga, the varṇas arose, upholding dharma, performing rites, possessing offspring, prosperous, and indeed happy.
ब्राह्मणैश्च विधीयन्ते क्षत्रियाः क्षत्रियैर्विशः वैश्याञ्छूद्रा अनुवर्तन्ते परस्परमनुग्रहात्
Brāhmaṇas are established by brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas by kṣatriyas, vaiśyas by vaiśyas, and śūdras follow them, each supporting the others.
शुभाः प्रकृतयस्तेषां धर्मा वर्णाश्रमाश्रयाः संकल्पितेन मनसा वाचा वा हस्तकर्मणा त्रेतायुगे ह्यविकले कर्मारम्भः प्रसिध्यति
Their natures were auspicious, and their dharmas were based on varṇa and āśrama; with intention, speech, or action by hand, in the Tretā Yuga, the undertaking of karma was indeed unbroken and successful.
आयूरूपं बलं मेधा आरोग्यं धर्मशीलता सर्वसाधारणं ह्येतद् आसीत्त्रेतायुगे तु वै
Long life, good form, strength, intelligence, health, and righteousness—these were common to all in the Tretā Yuga.
वर्णाश्रमव्यवस्थानम् एषां ब्रह्मा तथाकरोत् संहिताश्च तथा मन्त्रा आरोग्यं धर्मशीलता
Brahmā thus established the system of varṇa and āśrama for them, as well as the collections and mantras, health, and righteousness.
संहिताश्च तथा मन्त्रा ऋषिभिर् ब्रह्मणः सुतैः यज्ञः प्रवर्तितश्चैव तदा ह्येव तु दैवतैः
The collections and mantras, by the sages who were sons of Brahmā, and the sacrifice was then established by the gods themselves.