तेषां लोकान्तरस्थानां बान्धवैर्नामगोत्रतः भूमावसव्यं दर्भेषु दत्ताः पिण्डास्त्रयस्तु वै प्राप्तांस्तु तर्पयन्त्येव प्रेतस्थानेष्वधिष्ठितान्
For those dwelling in other worlds, whose relatives offer three balls of rice on earth, named and identified by lineage, the offerings reach and satisfy those established in the realm of the departed.
अप्राप्ता यातनास्थानं प्रभ्रष्टा ये च पञ्चधा पश्चाद्ये स्थावरान्ते वै भूतानीके स्वकर्मभिः
Those who have not received offerings, who are lost in places of torment in five ways, and those who later exist at the end among stationary beings, according to their own actions—
नानारूपासु जातीनां तिर्यग्योनिषु मूर्तिषु यदाहारा भवन्त्येते तासु तास्विह योनिषु
Among the various forms and species in animal births, whatever sustenance they have in those wombs, in those very wombs—
तस्मिंस् तस्मिंस् तदाहारे श्राद्धं दत्तं तु प्रीणयेत् काले न्यायागतं पात्रे विधिना प्रतिपादितम् प्राप्नुवन्त्यन्नमादत्तं यत्र यत्रावतिष्ठते
Whenever food is given as a śrāddha offering, at the proper time, to a worthy recipient according to prescribed rules, it brings satisfaction; they receive the food wherever they reside.
यथा गोषु प्रनष्टासु वत्सो विन्दति मातरम् तथा श्राद्धेषु दृष्टान्तो मन्त्रः प्रापयते तु तम्
Just as a calf finds its mother among lost cows, so too, through the śrāddha ritual, the mantra delivers the offering to its intended recipient.
एवं ह्यविकलं श्राद्धं श्रद्धादत्तं मनुर्ब्रवीत् सनत्कुमारः प्रोवाच पश्यन्दिव्येन चक्षुषा
Thus, Manu declares that a śrāddha performed without defect and with faith is effective; Sanatkumāra also spoke, seeing with divine vision.
गतागतज्ञः प्रेतानां प्राप्तिं श्राद्धस्य चैव हि कृष्णपक्षस्त्वहस्तेषां शुक्लः स्वप्नाय शर्वरी
He who knows the coming and going of the departed, and the attainment of śrāddha, says: the dark fortnight is for their benefit, the bright for dreams and night.
इत्येते पितरो देवा देवाश्च पितरश्च वै अन्योन्यपितरो ह्येते देवाश्च पितरो दिवि
Thus, these ancestors are gods, and the gods are ancestors; mutually, they are ancestors and gods in heaven.
एते तु पितरो देवा मनुष्याः पितरश्च ये पिता पितामहश्चैव तथैव प्रपितामहः
These ancestors are gods, and humans are also ancestors; father, grandfather, and great-grandfather likewise.
इत्येष विषयः प्रोक्तः पितॄणां सोमपायिनाम् एतत्पितृमहत्त्वं हि पुराणे निश्चयं गतम्
Thus has the domain of the ancestors who drink soma been described; this greatness of the ancestors is established in the Purāṇa.
इत्येष सोमसूर्याभ्याम् ऐलस्य च समागमः अवाप्तिं श्रद्धया चैव पितॄणां चैव तर्पणम्
Thus is the union of Soma, Sūrya, and Aila; the attainment and satisfaction of the ancestors through faith.
पर्वणां चैव यः कालो यातनास्थानमेव च समासात्कीर्तितस्तुभ्यं सर्ग एष सनातनः
The time of the festivals and the place of torment have been briefly recounted to you; this is the eternal creation.
वैरूप्यं येन तत्सर्वं कथितं त्वेकदेशिकम् अशक्यं परिसंख्यातुं श्रद्धेयं भूतिमिच्छता
All the deformities have been described in part; it is impossible to enumerate them fully, but one seeking prosperity should believe.
स्वायम्भुवस्य देवस्य एष सर्गो मयेरितः विस्तरेणानुपूर्व्याच्च भूयः किं कथयामि वः
This creation of the god Svāyambhuva has been explained by me in detail and sequence; what more shall I tell you?
चतुर्युगाणि यानि स्युः पूर्वे स्वायम्भुवे ऽन्तरे एषां निसर्गसंख्यां च श्रोतुमिच्छाम विस्तरात्
The four ages that occur in the previous Svāyambhuva interval—I wish to hear their natural enumeration in detail.
पृथिवीद्युप्रसङ्गेन मया तु प्रागुदाहृतम् एतच्चतुर्युगं त्वेवं तद्वक्ष्यामि निबोधत तत्प्रमाणं प्रसंख्याय विस्तराच्चैव कृत्स्नशः
Regarding the earth and sky, I have previously explained; now I will speak of the four ages, listen: their measure, enumeration, and full detail.
लौकिकेन प्रमाणेन निष्पाद्याब्दं तु मानुषम् तेनापीह प्रसंख्याय वक्ष्यामि तु चतुर्युगम् निमेषतुल्यकालानि मात्रालब्धेक्षराणि च
By the worldly measure, a human year is produced; using this calculation here, I will declare the four ages, with their periods equal to a blink, and the units obtained by measurement.
काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशच्च काष्ठां गणयेत्कलां तु त्रिंशत्कलाश्चैव भवेन्मुहूर्तस् तैस्त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते
Fifteen nimeṣas make one kāṣṭhā; thirty kāṣṭhās are reckoned as one kalā; thirty kalās make one muhūrta; by thirty such, a day and night together are formed.
अहोरात्रे विभजते सूर्यो मानुषलौकिके रात्रिः स्वप्नाय भूतानां चेष्टायै कर्मणामहः
The sun divides day and night for humans in the world; night is for the sleep of beings, and day for their activities and deeds.
पित्र्ये रात्र्यहनी मासः प्रविभागस् तयोः पुनः कृष्णपक्षस् त्वहस्तेषां शुक्लः स्वप्नाय शर्वरी
For the ancestors, a day and night make one month; in this division, the dark fortnight is their day, and the bright fortnight is their night for rest.
त्रिंशद्ये मानुषा मासाः पित्र्यो मासः स उच्यते शतानि त्रीणि मासानां षष्ट्या चाभ्यधिकानि तु पित्र्यः संवत्सरो ह्येष मानुषेण विभाव्यते
Thirty human months are said to be one month for the ancestors; three hundred and sixty months make one year for the ancestors, as understood by human reckoning.
मानुषेणैव मानेन वर्षाणां यच्छतं भवेत् पितॄणां तानि वर्षाणि संख्यातानि तु त्रीणि वै दश च द्व्यधिका मासाः पितृसंख्येह कीर्तिता
By human measure, one hundred years are counted; for the ancestors, these are reckoned as three years and twelve months, as declared in the reckoning of the ancestors.
लौकिकेन प्रमाणेन अब्दो यो मानुषः स्मृतः एतद्दिव्यमहोरात्रम् इत्येषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः
By worldly measure, the year that is called human is thus; this is the divine day and night, as declared in the Vedic tradition.
दिव्ये रात्र्यहनी वर्षं प्रविभागस्तयोः पुनः अहस्तु यदुदक्चैव रात्रिर्या दक्षिणायनम् एते रात्र्यहनी दिव्ये प्रसंख्याते तयोः पुनः
For the gods, a day and night make one year; in this division, the day is when the sun moves north, and the night is when it moves south; thus, the divine day and night are counted.
त्रिंशद्यानि तु वर्षाणि दिव्यो मासस्तु स स्मृतः मानुषाणां शतं यच्च दिव्या मासास्त्रयस्तु वै तथैव सह संख्यातो दिव्य एष विधिः स्मृतः
Thirty such years are said to be one divine month; one hundred human years are three divine months; thus, this is the reckoning, and this is known as the divine rule.
त्रीणि वर्षशतान्येवं षष्टिर्वर्षास्तथैव च दिव्यः संवत्सरो ह्येष मानुषेण प्रकीर्तितः
Thus, three hundred and sixty years, and sixty more, make one divine year as declared by human calculation.
त्रीणि वर्षसहस्राणि मानुषेण प्रमाणतः त्रिंशदन्यानि वर्षाणि स्मृतः सप्तर्षिवत्सरः
Three thousand human years, plus thirty more, are said to be the year of the Seven Sages.
नव यानि सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मानुषाणि च वर्षाणि नवतिश्चैव ध्रुवसंवत्सरः स्मृतः
Nine thousand human years, and ninety more, are said to be the year of Dhruva.
षट्त्रिंशत्तु सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मानुषाणि च षष्टिश्चैव सहस्राणि संख्यातानि तु संख्यया दिव्यं वर्षसहस्रं तु प्राहुः संख्याविदो जनाः
Thirty-six thousand human years, and sixty thousand more, are counted; those who know numbers declare that this is one thousand divine years.
इत्येतदृषिभिर्गीतं दिव्यया संख्यया द्विजाः दिव्येनैव प्रमाणेन युगसंख्या प्रकल्पिता
Thus have the sages sung, O twice-born, with the divine reckoning; by the divine measure alone is the number of ages established.