इत्येष पर्वसंधीनां कालो वै द्विलवः स्मृतः पर्वणां तुल्यकालस्तु तुल्याहुतिवषट्क्रियाः
Thus, the time between the junctions of the lunar phases is said to be two lavas; the duration of the lunar days is equal, as are the offerings and the utterance of 'vaṣaṭ'.
चन्द्रभूर्यव्यतीपाते समे वै पूर्णिमे उभे प्रतिपत्प्रतिपन्नस्तु पर्वकालो द्विमात्रकः
When the moon and sun are in conjunction or opposition, and on both the full and new moon days, the period called parva is of double measure.
कालः कुहूसिनीवाल्योः समुद्धो द्विलवः स्मृतः अर्कनिर्मण्डले सोमे पर्वकालः कलाः स्मृताः
The time at the conjunctions called Kuhu and Sinivali is considered to be two lavas; at the sun's node and with the moon, the parva time is reckoned in kalās.
यस्माद् आपूर्यते सोमः पञ्चदश्यां तु पूर्णिमा दशभिः पञ्चभिश्चैव कलाभिर्दिवसक्रमात्
Because the moon becomes full on the fifteenth day, the full moon is completed by ten and five kalās, in the order of days.
तस्मात्पञ्चदशे सोमे कला वै नास्ति षोडशी तस्मात्सोमस्य विप्रोक्तः पञ्चदश्यां मया क्षयः
Therefore, on the fifteenth day, the moon does not have a sixteenth kalā; thus, I have declared the waning of the moon on the fifteenth day.
इत्येते पितरो देवाः सोमपाः सोमवर्धनाः आर्तवा ऋतवो ऽथाब्दा देवास्तान्भावयन्ति हि
Thus, these ancestors, the gods who drink Soma and increase Soma, are the seasons and the year; the gods indeed sustain them.
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि पितॄञ्छ्राद्धभुजस्तु ये तेषां गतिं च सत्तत्वं प्राप्तिं श्राद्धस्य चैव हि
Now I shall explain further about the ancestors who partake of śrāddha, their path, their essential nature, and the attainment resulting from śrāddha.
न मृतानां गतिः शक्या ज्ञातुं वा पुनरागतिः तपसा हि प्रसिद्धेन किं पुनर्मांसचक्षुषा
The path of the departed cannot be known, nor their return; even by renowned austerity, how much less by the physical eye.
अत्र देवान्पितॄंश्चैते पितरो लौकिकाः स्मृताः तेषां ते धर्मसामर्थ्यात् स्मृताः सायुज्यगा द्विजैः
Here, these ancestors are considered worldly ancestors of the gods and pitṛs; by the power of their righteousness, they are said by the twice-born to attain union.
यदि वाश्रमधर्मेण प्रज्ञानेषु व्यवस्थितान् अन्ये चात्र प्रसीदन्ति श्रद्धायुक्तेषु कर्मसु
Or, by the dharma of the āśramas, those established in knowledge, and others here who are pleased by actions performed with faith.
ब्रह्मचर्येण तपसा यज्ञेन प्रजया भुवि श्राद्धेन विद्यया चैव चान्नदानेन सप्तधा
By celibacy, austerity, sacrifice, offspring on earth, śrāddha, learning, and giving of food—thus in seven ways.
कर्मस्वेतेषु ये सक्ता वर्तन्त्य् आ देहपातनात् देवैस्ते पितृभिः सार्धम् ऊष्मपैः सोमपैस्तथा स्वर्गता दिवि मोदन्ते पितृमन्त उपासते
Those who are attached to these actions continue until the fall of the body; with the gods and the pitṛs who partake of warmth and Soma, having attained heaven, they rejoice and worship the pitṛs.
प्रजावतां प्रसिद्धैषा उक्ता श्राद्धकृतां च वै तेषां निवापे दत्तं हि तत्कुलीनैस्तु बान्धवैः
This is declared as the well-known path of those with offspring and those who perform śrāddha; the offering made for them by their relatives of the same family.
मासश्राद्धं हि भुञ्जानास् तेऽत्येते सोमलौकिकाः एते मनुष्याः पितरो मासश्राद्धभुजस्तु वै
Those who partake of the monthly śrāddha surpass the Soma-worldly ancestors; these human ancestors are indeed the eaters of the monthly śrāddha.
तेभ्यो ऽपरे तु ये त्वन्ये संकीर्णाः कर्मयोनिषु भ्रष्टाश्चाश्रमधर्मेषु स्वधास्वाहाविवर्जिताः
But others, who are mixed in their actions and births, who have fallen from the dharma of the āśramas, and who are deprived of svadhā and svāhā offerings—
भिन्ने देहे दुरापन्नाः प्रेतभूता यमक्षये स्वकर्माण्यनुशोचन्तो यातनास्थानमागताः
Having lost their bodies and come to a difficult state, they become pretas at the abode of Yama, lamenting their own deeds, having reached the place of torment.
दीर्घाश्चैवातिशुष्काश्च श्मश्रुलाश्च विवाससः क्षुत्पिपासाभिभूतास्ते विद्रवन्ति त्वितस्ततः
Long and exceedingly emaciated, with disheveled hair and naked, afflicted by hunger and thirst, they wander here and there.
सरित्सरस्तडागानि पुष्करिण्यश्च सर्वशः परान्नान्यभिकाङ्क्षन्तः काल्यमाना इतस्ततः
All the rivers, lakes, and ponds, and all the lotus pools—they roam about, longing for others' food, being driven here and there.
स्थानेषु पात्यमाना ये यातनास्थेषु तेषु वै शाल्मल्यां वैतरण्यां च कुम्भीपाकेद्धवालुके
Those who are cast into places of torment—such as the Śālmalī tree, the Vaitaraṇī river, the cauldron of Kumbhīpāka, and the burning sands—
असिपत्त्रवने चैव पात्यमानाः स्वकर्मभिः तत्रस्थानां तु तेषां वै दुःखितानाम् अशायिनाम्
And those who are thrown into the forest of sword-leaves by their own actions, among the suffering and sleepless inhabitants of those realms—
तेषां लोकान्तरस्थानां बान्धवैर्नामगोत्रतः भूमावसव्यं दर्भेषु दत्ताः पिण्डास्त्रयस्तु वै प्राप्तांस्तु तर्पयन्त्येव प्रेतस्थानेष्वधिष्ठितान्
For those dwelling in other worlds, whose relatives offer three balls of rice on earth, named and identified by lineage, the offerings reach and satisfy those established in the realm of the departed.
अप्राप्ता यातनास्थानं प्रभ्रष्टा ये च पञ्चधा पश्चाद्ये स्थावरान्ते वै भूतानीके स्वकर्मभिः
Those who have not received offerings, who are lost in places of torment in five ways, and those who later exist at the end among stationary beings, according to their own actions—
नानारूपासु जातीनां तिर्यग्योनिषु मूर्तिषु यदाहारा भवन्त्येते तासु तास्विह योनिषु
Among the various forms and species in animal births, whatever sustenance they have in those wombs, in those very wombs—
तस्मिंस् तस्मिंस् तदाहारे श्राद्धं दत्तं तु प्रीणयेत् काले न्यायागतं पात्रे विधिना प्रतिपादितम् प्राप्नुवन्त्यन्नमादत्तं यत्र यत्रावतिष्ठते
Whenever food is given as a śrāddha offering, at the proper time, to a worthy recipient according to prescribed rules, it brings satisfaction; they receive the food wherever they reside.
यथा गोषु प्रनष्टासु वत्सो विन्दति मातरम् तथा श्राद्धेषु दृष्टान्तो मन्त्रः प्रापयते तु तम्
Just as a calf finds its mother among lost cows, so too, through the śrāddha ritual, the mantra delivers the offering to its intended recipient.
एवं ह्यविकलं श्राद्धं श्रद्धादत्तं मनुर्ब्रवीत् सनत्कुमारः प्रोवाच पश्यन्दिव्येन चक्षुषा
Thus, Manu declares that a śrāddha performed without defect and with faith is effective; Sanatkumāra also spoke, seeing with divine vision.
गतागतज्ञः प्रेतानां प्राप्तिं श्राद्धस्य चैव हि कृष्णपक्षस्त्वहस्तेषां शुक्लः स्वप्नाय शर्वरी
He who knows the coming and going of the departed, and the attainment of śrāddha, says: the dark fortnight is for their benefit, the bright for dreams and night.
इत्येते पितरो देवा देवाश्च पितरश्च वै अन्योन्यपितरो ह्येते देवाश्च पितरो दिवि
Thus, these ancestors are gods, and the gods are ancestors; mutually, they are ancestors and gods in heaven.
एते तु पितरो देवा मनुष्याः पितरश्च ये पिता पितामहश्चैव तथैव प्रपितामहः
These ancestors are gods, and humans are also ancestors; father, grandfather, and great-grandfather likewise.
इत्येष विषयः प्रोक्तः पितॄणां सोमपायिनाम् एतत्पितृमहत्त्वं हि पुराणे निश्चयं गतम्
Thus has the domain of the ancestors who drink soma been described; this greatness of the ancestors is established in the Purāṇa.