लोहितो नवरश्मिस्तु स्थानमाप्यं तु तस्य वै बृहद्द्वादशरश्मीकं हरिद्राभं तु वेधसः
Red, with nine rays, is his watery abode; the great twelve-rayed one of Brahmā is yellowish in color.
अष्टरश्मिशनेस्तत्तु कृष्णं वृद्धमयस्मयम् स्वर्भानोस्त्वायसं स्थानं भूतसंतापनालयम्
The eight-rayed abode of Śani is black, aged, and iron-like; the place of Svarbhānu is of iron, a realm of torment for beings.
सुकृताम् आश्रयास्तारा रश्मयस्तु हिरण्मयाः तारणात्तारका ह्येताः शुक्लत्वाच्चैव तारकाः
The stars are the refuge of the virtuous, and their rays are golden; they are called stars because they cross (the sky) and because of their whiteness.
नवयोजनसाहस्रो विष्कम्भः सवितुः स्मृतः मण्डलं त्रिगुणं चास्य विस्तारो भास्करस्य तु
The span of the sun is said to be nine thousand yojanas; its disk is three times that in width, as is the expanse of Bhāskara.
द्विगुणः सूर्यविस्ताराद् विस्तारः शशिनः स्मृतः त्रिगुणं मण्डलं चास्य वैपुल्याच्छशिनः स्मृतम्
The expanse of the moon is considered twice that of the sun; and its disk is said to be three times as wide as that, due to its fullness.
सर्वोपरि निसृष्टानि मण्डलानि तु तारकाः योजनार्धप्रमाणानि ताभ्यो ऽन्यानि गणानि तु
Above all are set the circles of the stars, each with half a yojana in measure; beyond them are other groups.
तुल्यो भूत्वा तु स्वर्भानुस् तदधस्तात्प्रसर्पति उद्धूत्य पार्थिवीं छायां निर्मितां मण्डलाकृतिम्
Becoming equal, Svarbhānu moves below them, raising up the earthly shadow shaped like a disk.
ब्रह्मणा निर्मितं स्थानं तृतीयं तु तमोमयम् आदित्यात्स तु निष्क्रम्य सोमं गच्छति पर्वसु
The third, darkness-filled place was created by Brahmā; from the sun he departs and reaches the moon at the junctions.
आदित्यमेति सोमाच्च पुनः सौरेषु पर्वसु स्वभासा तुदते यस्मात् स्वर्भानुरिति स स्मृतः
From the moon he goes to the sun again at the solar junctions; because he strikes with his own radiance, he is known as Svarbhānu.
चन्द्रतः षोडशो भागो भार्गवस्य विधीयते विष्कम्भान्मण्डलाच्चैव योजनानां तु स स्मृतः
From the moon, a sixteenth part is assigned to Bhārgava; from the span and the disk, this is reckoned in yojanas.
भार्गवात्पादहीनश्च विज्ञेयो वै बृहस्पतिः बृहस्पतेः पादहीनौ केतुवक्रावुभौ स्मृतौ
From Bhārgava, one quarter less, is known as Bṛhaspati; from Bṛhaspati, both Ketu and Vakra are said to be a quarter less.
विस्तारमण्डलाभ्यां तु पादहीनस्तयोर्बुधः तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि वपुष्मन्तीह यानि वै
From the span and disk, Budha is a quarter less than those two; the forms of stars and constellations here are all endowed with form.
बुधेन समरूपाणि विस्तारान्मण्डलात्तु वै तारानक्षत्ररूपाणि हीनानि तु परस्परम्
Those forms are similar to Budha's, but from the span and disk, the forms of stars and constellations are mutually diminished.
शतानि पञ्च चत्वारि त्रीणि द्वे चैकमेव च सर्वोपरि निसृष्टानि मण्डलानि तु तारकाः
Five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, two hundred, and one hundred—these are the circles of stars set above all.
योजनार्धप्रमाणानि तेभ्यो ह्रस्वं न विद्यते उपरिष्टात्तु ये तेषां ग्रहा ये क्रूरसात्त्विकाः
Each of these measures half a yojana; there is nothing smaller than these. Above them are the planets, both fierce and sattvic.
सौरश्चाङ्गिरसो वक्रो विज्ञेया मन्दचारिणः तेभ्यो ऽधस्तात्तु चत्वारः पुनश्चान्ये महाग्रहाः
The solar, the Angirasa, and the retrograde are known as slow-moving; below them are four others, again great planets.
सोमः सूर्यो बुधश्चैव भार्गवश्चेति शीघ्रगाः यावन्ति चैव ऋक्षाणि कोट्यस्तावन्ति तारकाः
Soma, the Sun, Budha, and Bhārgava are all swift-moving; as many as there are constellations, so many are the stars, counted in crores.
सर्वेषां तु ग्रहाणां वै सूर्यो ऽधस्तात्प्रसर्पति विस्तीर्णं मण्डलं कृत्वा तस्योर्ध्वं चरते शशी
Among all the planets, the Sun moves below, creating a vast circle; above him moves the Moon.
नक्षत्रमण्डलं चापि सोमादूर्ध्वं प्रसर्पति नक्षत्रेभ्यो बुधश्चोर्ध्वं बुधाच्चोर्ध्वं तु भार्गवः
Above the Moon moves the circle of the constellations; above the constellations moves Budha, and above Budha is Bhārgava.
वक्रस्तु भार्गवादूर्ध्वं वक्रादूर्ध्वं बृहस्पतिः तस्माच्छनैश्चरश्चोर्ध्वं देवाचार्योपरि स्थितः
Above Bhārgava is Vakra; above Vakra is Bṛhaspati; above him is Śanaiścara, who stands above the preceptor of the gods.
शनैश्चरात्तथा चोर्ध्वं ज्ञेयं सप्तर्षिमण्डलम् सप्तर्षिभ्यो ध्रुवश्चोर्ध्वं समस्तं त्रिदिवं ध्रुवे
Above Śanaiścara, know that the circle of the Seven Sages is situated; above the Seven Sages is Dhruva, and above Dhruva is the entire heaven.
द्विगुणेषु सहस्रेषु योजनानां शतेषु च ग्रहान्तरम् अथैकैकम् ऊर्ध्वं नक्षत्रमण्डलात्
At a distance of two thousand yojanas, and hundreds of yojanas more, each planet is situated above the circle of the constellations.
ताराग्रहान्तराणि स्युर् उपर्युपर्यधिष्ठितम् ग्रहाश्च चन्द्रसूर्यौ च दिवि दिव्येन तेजसा
The spaces between the stars and planets are established one above the other; the planets, the Moon, and the Sun shine in the sky with divine radiance.
नक्षत्रेषु च युज्यन्ते गच्छन्तो नियतक्रमात् चन्द्रार्कग्रहनक्षत्रा नीचोच्चगृहमाश्रिताः
They are joined with the constellations, moving in a fixed order; the Moon, Sun, planets, and stars occupy their own low and high houses.
समागमे च भेदे च पश्यन्ति युगपत्प्रजाः परस्परं स्थिता ह्येवं युज्यन्ते च परस्परम्
When they come together or separate, people see them simultaneously, for they are thus positioned and joined with one another.
असंकरेण विज्ञेयस् तेषां योगस्तु वै बुधैः इत्येवं संनिवेशो वै पृथिव्या ज्योतिषां च यः
Their conjunctions are to be understood by the wise without confusion; thus is the arrangement of the earth and the luminaries.
द्वीपानामुदधीनां च पर्वतानां तथैव च वर्षाणां च नदीनां च ये च तेषु वसन्ति वै
Of the continents, oceans, mountains, regions, and rivers, and those who dwell among them—
इत्येषो ऽर्कवशेनैव संनिवेशस्तु ज्योतिषाम् आवर्तः सान्तरो मध्ये संक्षिप्तश्च ध्रुवात्तु स
Thus, by the power of the Sun, this arrangement of the luminaries is established; it is a revolving system with an inner space, compact in the middle, and fixed from Dhruva.
सर्वतस्तेषु विस्तीर्णो वृत्ताकार इवोच्छ्रितः लोकसंव्यवहारार्थम् ईश्वरेण विनिर्मितः
All these are vast, circular, and elevated, created by the Lord for the conduct of the world.
कल्पादौ बुद्धिपूर्वं तु स्थापितो ऽसौ स्वयम्भुवा इत्येष संनिवेशो वै सर्वस्य ज्योतिरात्मकः
At the beginning of the kalpa, this was established by the Self-born, with forethought; this is the arrangement of all that is composed of light.