वसन्ते चैव ग्रीष्मे च शनैः संतपते त्रिभिः वर्षासु च शरद्येवं चतुर्भिः संप्रवर्षति
In spring and summer, the sun gradually heats with three rays; in the rainy season and autumn, he pours down with four rays.
हेमन्ते शिशिरे चैव हिमोत्सर्गस् त्रिभिः पुनः ओषधीषु बलं धत्ते सुधां च स्वधया पुनः
In winter and the cold season, frost is released again with three rays; strength is imparted to plants, and nectar and oblations are given again.
सूर्यो ऽमरत्वममृते त्रयस् त्रिषु नियच्छति एवं रश्मिसहस्रं तु सौरं लोकार्थसाधकम्
The sun bestows immortality with nectar through three rays in three seasons; thus, the thousandfold solar rays accomplish the purposes of the world.
भिद्यते ऋतुमासाद्य सहस्रं बहुधा पुनः इत्येवं मण्डलं शुक्लं भास्वरं लोकसंज्ञितम्
This thousandfold is divided again in many ways according to the seasons and months; thus, the shining, bright circle is known as the world.
नक्षत्रग्रहसोमानां प्रतिष्ठा योनिरेव च चन्द्र ऋक्षग्रहाः सर्वे विज्ञेयाः सूर्यसम्भवाः
It is the foundation and womb of the stars, planets, and the moon; all the lunar mansions and planets are to be understood as originating from the sun.
सुषुम्ना सूर्यरश्मिर्या क्षीणं शशिनमेधते हरिकेशः पुरस्तात्तु यो वै नक्षत्रयोनिकृत्
Suṣumnā is the sun's ray by which the waning moon increases; Harikeśa is in front, the one who creates the origin of the stars.
दक्षिणे विश्वकर्मा तु रश्मिराप्याययद्बुधम् विश्वावसुश्च यः पश्चाच् छुक्रयोनिश्च स स्मृतः
On the south, Viśvakarman is the ray that nourishes Mercury; Viśvāvasu is in the west, and he is known as the origin of Venus.
संवर्धनस्तु यो रश्मिः स योनिर्लोहितस्य च षष्ठस्तु ह्यश्वभू रश्मिर् योनिः स हि बृहस्पतेः
The nourishing ray is the origin of Mars, and the sixth, called Aśvabhū, is the ray that is the origin of Jupiter.
शनैश्चरं पुनश्चापि रश्मिराप्यायते सुराट् न क्षीयते यतस्तानि तस्मान्नक्षत्रता स्मृता
Again, the ray that nourishes Saturn is called Surāṭ; since it does not diminish, therefore they are called stars.
क्षेत्राण्येतानि वै सूर्यम् आपतन्ति गभस्तिभिः क्षेत्राणि तेषामादत्ते सूर्यो नक्षत्रता ततः
These fields indeed approach the sun with rays; the sun receives those fields, and thus they are called stars.
अस्माल्लोकादमुं लोकं तीर्णानां सुकृतात्मनाम् तारणात्तारका ह्येताः शुक्लत्वाच्चैव शुक्लिकाः
Those who have crossed from this world to that world, whose souls are virtuous, are called 'tārakā' because they carry others across, and 'śuklikā' because of their whiteness.
दिव्यानां पार्थिवानां च वंशानां चैव सर्वशः तपनस्तेजसो योगाद् आदित्य इति गद्यते
Among all the divine, earthly, and lineage beings, the sun is so named because of its union with the heat of burning radiance.
स्रवतिः स्यन्दनार्थे च धातुरेष निगद्यते स्रवणात्तेजसश्चैव तेनासौ सविता स्मृतः
The root 'sravati' is spoken of in the sense of flowing and movement; because of the flow and brilliance, he is remembered as Savitā.
बह्वर्थश्चन्द इत्येष प्रधानो धातुरुच्यते शुक्लत्वे ह्यमृतत्वे च शीतत्वे ह्लादने ऽपि च
The root 'canda' is said to have many meanings; it is principal in whiteness, immortality, coolness, and also in delight.
सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्दिव्ये मण्डले भास्वरे खगे जलतेजोमये शुक्ले वृत्तकुम्भनिभे शुभे
Within the radiant, celestial orbs of the sun and moon, shining in the sky, composed of water and light, white, beautiful, and shaped like a round pot, they reside.
वसन्ति कर्मदेवास्तु स्थानान्येतानि सर्वशः मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु ऋषिसूर्यग्रहादयः
The karmic deities dwell in all these places; in every Manvantara, the sages, the sun, the planets, and others likewise.
तानि देवगृहाणि स्युः स्थानाख्यानि भवन्ति हि सौरं सूर्यो ऽविशत्स्थानं सौम्यं सोमस्तथैव च
These are the houses of the gods, known as places; the sun entered the solar place, and the moon likewise entered the lunar place.
शौक्रं शुक्रो ऽविशत्स्थानं षोडशारं प्रभास्वरम् बृहस्पतिर्बृहत्त्वं च लोहितं चापि लोहितः
Venus entered the place of Venus, the radiant sixteen-spoked abode; Jupiter entered the vast place, and Mars entered the red place.
शनैश्चरो ऽविशत्स्थानम् एवं शानैश्चरं तथा बुधो ऽपि वै बुधस्थानं भानुं स्वर्भानुरेव च
Saturn entered the Saturnine place, and likewise Mercury entered the Mercurial place; Bhānu and Svarbhānu entered their respective places.
नक्षत्राणि च सर्वाणि नाक्षत्राण्याविशन्ति च ज्योतींषि सुकृताम् एते ज्ञेया देवगृहास्तु वै
All the stars and non-stars entered their places; these luminous ones of virtue are to be known as the houses of the gods.
स्थानान्येतानि तिष्ठन्ति यावदाभूतसंप्लवम् मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु देवस्थानानि तानि वै
These places remain until the dissolution of creation; in every Manvantara, these are the divine places.
अभिमानेन तिष्ठन्ति तानि देवाः पुनः पुनः अतीतास्तु सहातीतैर् भाव्या भाव्यैः सुरैः सह
The gods dwell in these places again and again by their own identification; those who have passed remain with those who have passed, and those yet to come with those yet to come.
वर्तन्ते वर्तमानैश्च सुरैः सार्धं तु स्थानिनः सूर्यो देवो विवस्वांश्च अष्टमस्त्वदितेः सुतः
Those who reside in the places continue along with the present gods; the sun god, Vivasvān, is the eighth son of Aditi.
द्युतिमान्धर्मयुक्तश्च सोमो देवो वसुः स्मृतः शुक्रो दैत्यस्तु विज्ञेयो भार्गवो ऽसुरयाजकः
The radiant, righteous moon god is known as Vasu; Venus is to be understood as a Daitya, Bhārgava, and priest of the Asuras.
बृहस्पतिर् बृहत्तेजा देवाचार्यो ऽङ्गिरःसुतः बुधो मनोहरश्चैव शशिपुत्रस्तु स स्मृतः
Jupiter, of great brilliance, is the teacher of the gods, son of Angiras; Mercury, charming, is remembered as the son of the moon.
शनैश्चरो विरूपश्च संज्ञापुत्रो विवस्वतः अग्निर्विकेश्यां जज्ञे तु युवासौ लोहिताधिपः
Saturn, deformed, is the son of Saṃjñā and Vivasvān; Agni was born from Vikeśī, and is the youthful lord of Mars.
नक्षत्रनाम्न्यः क्षेत्रेषु दाक्षायण्यः सुताः स्मृताः स्वर्भानुः सिंहिकापुत्रो भूतसंसाधनो ऽसुरः
The daughters of Dakṣā, known by star names, are remembered in their fields; Svarbhānu, son of Siṃhikā, is the Asura who brings together beings.
चन्द्रार्कग्रहनक्षत्रेष्व् अभिमानी प्रकीर्तितः स्थानान्येतानि चोक्तानि स्थानिन्यश्चैव देवताः
Among the moon, sun, planets, and stars, the presiding deities are proclaimed; these places and the resident deities have thus been described.
शुक्लमग्निसमं दिव्यं सहस्रांशोर्विवस्वतः सहस्रांशुत्विषः स्थानम् अम्मयं तैजसं तथा
White, like fire, divine, the place of the thousand-rayed Vivasvat is also of a thousand rays, unmeasured and made of light.
आशास्थानं मनोज्ञस्य रविरश्मिगृहे स्थितम् शुक्रः षोडशरश्मिस्तु यस्तु देवो ह्यपोमयः
The abode of the directions, delightful, is situated in the house of the sun's rays; Śukra, with sixteen rays, is the deity composed of water.