तस्मात्ताम्रा भवन्त्यापो दिवारात्रिप्रवेशनात् अस्तं गते पुनः सूर्ये अहर्वै प्रविशत्य् अपः
Therefore, the waters become coppery from the alternation of day and night; when the sun sets again, the waters enter the day.
तस्मान्नक्तं पुनः शुक्ला ह्य् आपो दृश्यन्ति भासुराः एतेन क्रमयोगेण भूम्यर्धे दक्षिणोत्तरे
Therefore, at night, the waters appear white and shining; by this sequence, in the northern and southern halves of the earth.
उदयास्तमये ह्यत्र अहोरात्रं विशत्य् अपः यश्चासौ तपते सूर्यः सो ऽपः पिबति रश्मिभिः
Here, with sunrise and sunset, day and night enter into the waters; and that sun who shines drinks up the waters with his rays.
सहस्रपादस्त्वेषो ऽग्नी रक्तकुम्भनिभस्तु सः आदत्ते स तु नाडीनां सहस्रेण समन्ततः
That fire, fierce and with a thousand feet, resembling a red pitcher, draws in the waters by means of a thousand channels all around.
अपो नदीसमुद्रेभ्यो ह्रदकूपेभ्य एव च तस्य रश्मिसहस्रेण शीतवर्षोष्णनिःस्रवः
The waters from rivers, oceans, lakes, and wells—by his thousand rays, there is the outflow of cold, rain, and heat.
तासां चतुःशतं नाड्यो वर्षन्ते चित्रमूर्तयः चन्दनाश्चैव मेध्याश्च केतनाश् चेतनास्तथा
Of these, four hundred channels pour forth, having various forms—some fragrant like sandalwood, some pure, some bearing signs, and some conscious.
अमृता जीवनाः सर्वा रश्मयो वृष्टिसर्जनाः हिमोद्भवाश्च ते ऽन्योन्यं रश्मयस्त्रिंशतः स्मृताः चन्द्रताराग्रहैः सर्वैः पीता भानोर्गभस्तयः
All the rays that produce rain are immortal and life-giving; they arise from cold, and among them, thirty rays are said to be mutually connected, and all the rays of the sun are drunk by the moon, stars, and planets.
एता मध्यास्तथान्याश्च ह्लादिन्यो हिमसर्जनाः शुक्लाश्च ककुभश्चैव गावो विश्वसृतश्च याः
Among these, some are central, others delightful, producing cold; some are white, some are directions, and some are cows, and some are creators of all beings.
शुक्लास्ता नामतः सर्वास् त्रिंशतो घर्मसर्जनाः संबिभ्रति हि ताः सर्वा मनुष्यान्देवताः पितॄन्
All these thirty rays, known by name as white, produce heat; all of them nourish humans, gods, and ancestors.
मनुष्यानोषधीभिश्च स्वधया च पितॄनपि अमृतेन सुरान्सर्वान् संततं परितर्पयन्
Humans with plants, and ancestors with oblations, and all the gods with nectar are continually satisfied by these rays.
वसन्ते चैव ग्रीष्मे च शनैः संतपते त्रिभिः वर्षासु च शरद्येवं चतुर्भिः संप्रवर्षति
In spring and summer, the sun gradually heats with three rays; in the rainy season and autumn, he pours down with four rays.
हेमन्ते शिशिरे चैव हिमोत्सर्गस् त्रिभिः पुनः ओषधीषु बलं धत्ते सुधां च स्वधया पुनः
In winter and the cold season, frost is released again with three rays; strength is imparted to plants, and nectar and oblations are given again.
सूर्यो ऽमरत्वममृते त्रयस् त्रिषु नियच्छति एवं रश्मिसहस्रं तु सौरं लोकार्थसाधकम्
The sun bestows immortality with nectar through three rays in three seasons; thus, the thousandfold solar rays accomplish the purposes of the world.
भिद्यते ऋतुमासाद्य सहस्रं बहुधा पुनः इत्येवं मण्डलं शुक्लं भास्वरं लोकसंज्ञितम्
This thousandfold is divided again in many ways according to the seasons and months; thus, the shining, bright circle is known as the world.
नक्षत्रग्रहसोमानां प्रतिष्ठा योनिरेव च चन्द्र ऋक्षग्रहाः सर्वे विज्ञेयाः सूर्यसम्भवाः
It is the foundation and womb of the stars, planets, and the moon; all the lunar mansions and planets are to be understood as originating from the sun.
सुषुम्ना सूर्यरश्मिर्या क्षीणं शशिनमेधते हरिकेशः पुरस्तात्तु यो वै नक्षत्रयोनिकृत्
Suṣumnā is the sun's ray by which the waning moon increases; Harikeśa is in front, the one who creates the origin of the stars.
दक्षिणे विश्वकर्मा तु रश्मिराप्याययद्बुधम् विश्वावसुश्च यः पश्चाच् छुक्रयोनिश्च स स्मृतः
On the south, Viśvakarman is the ray that nourishes Mercury; Viśvāvasu is in the west, and he is known as the origin of Venus.
संवर्धनस्तु यो रश्मिः स योनिर्लोहितस्य च षष्ठस्तु ह्यश्वभू रश्मिर् योनिः स हि बृहस्पतेः
The nourishing ray is the origin of Mars, and the sixth, called Aśvabhū, is the ray that is the origin of Jupiter.
शनैश्चरं पुनश्चापि रश्मिराप्यायते सुराट् न क्षीयते यतस्तानि तस्मान्नक्षत्रता स्मृता
Again, the ray that nourishes Saturn is called Surāṭ; since it does not diminish, therefore they are called stars.
क्षेत्राण्येतानि वै सूर्यम् आपतन्ति गभस्तिभिः क्षेत्राणि तेषामादत्ते सूर्यो नक्षत्रता ततः
These fields indeed approach the sun with rays; the sun receives those fields, and thus they are called stars.
अस्माल्लोकादमुं लोकं तीर्णानां सुकृतात्मनाम् तारणात्तारका ह्येताः शुक्लत्वाच्चैव शुक्लिकाः
Those who have crossed from this world to that world, whose souls are virtuous, are called 'tārakā' because they carry others across, and 'śuklikā' because of their whiteness.
दिव्यानां पार्थिवानां च वंशानां चैव सर्वशः तपनस्तेजसो योगाद् आदित्य इति गद्यते
Among all the divine, earthly, and lineage beings, the sun is so named because of its union with the heat of burning radiance.
स्रवतिः स्यन्दनार्थे च धातुरेष निगद्यते स्रवणात्तेजसश्चैव तेनासौ सविता स्मृतः
The root 'sravati' is spoken of in the sense of flowing and movement; because of the flow and brilliance, he is remembered as Savitā.
बह्वर्थश्चन्द इत्येष प्रधानो धातुरुच्यते शुक्लत्वे ह्यमृतत्वे च शीतत्वे ह्लादने ऽपि च
The root 'canda' is said to have many meanings; it is principal in whiteness, immortality, coolness, and also in delight.
सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्दिव्ये मण्डले भास्वरे खगे जलतेजोमये शुक्ले वृत्तकुम्भनिभे शुभे
Within the radiant, celestial orbs of the sun and moon, shining in the sky, composed of water and light, white, beautiful, and shaped like a round pot, they reside.
वसन्ति कर्मदेवास्तु स्थानान्येतानि सर्वशः मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु ऋषिसूर्यग्रहादयः
The karmic deities dwell in all these places; in every Manvantara, the sages, the sun, the planets, and others likewise.
तानि देवगृहाणि स्युः स्थानाख्यानि भवन्ति हि सौरं सूर्यो ऽविशत्स्थानं सौम्यं सोमस्तथैव च
These are the houses of the gods, known as places; the sun entered the solar place, and the moon likewise entered the lunar place.
शौक्रं शुक्रो ऽविशत्स्थानं षोडशारं प्रभास्वरम् बृहस्पतिर्बृहत्त्वं च लोहितं चापि लोहितः
Venus entered the place of Venus, the radiant sixteen-spoked abode; Jupiter entered the vast place, and Mars entered the red place.
शनैश्चरो ऽविशत्स्थानम् एवं शानैश्चरं तथा बुधो ऽपि वै बुधस्थानं भानुं स्वर्भानुरेव च
Saturn entered the Saturnine place, and likewise Mercury entered the Mercurial place; Bhānu and Svarbhānu entered their respective places.
नक्षत्राणि च सर्वाणि नाक्षत्राण्याविशन्ति च ज्योतींषि सुकृताम् एते ज्ञेया देवगृहास्तु वै
All the stars and non-stars entered their places; these luminous ones of virtue are to be known as the houses of the gods.